高中英语长难句分析

一、长难句的分类

1、带有较多成分的简单句。如：

Having chosen family television programs and women’s magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women’s magazines to be used.

2、含有多个简单句的并列句。如：

In the 1970s he was a surgeon at Yale，had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children，but he was terribly unhappy.

Discrimination(歧视) isn’t their only concern；almost everyone testing positive for the Huntington’s gene(基因) develops symptoms(症状) during middle age， and doctors can do nothing to help.

3、含有多个从句的复合句。如：

I can’t live in fear of the possibility that as the earth’s population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable(不能再生的) resources，our children may have to lead

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poorer lives.

However，those of us who are parents of children in this age group know that such offers are relatively rare and that many liberal-arts students(文科生) graduate with the belief that the prospective(预期的) workplace may not have a place for them.

4、含有多个插入成分的句子。如：

His journey to the e-mail hell began innocently（无知地） enough when, as chairman of Computer Associates International，a software company，he first heard how quickly his employees had accepted their new electronic-mail system.

5、并列复合句。如：

I have known changes for the better and changes for the worse，but I have never questioned the fact that whether I liked it or not，change was unavoidable.

They also found that the bus conductor had a major role in preventing vandalism（故意破坏行为），and at the times he went up the stairs to the upper deck to collect fares，vandalism did not often occur.

二、长难句分析步骤

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1、首先确定句子是简单句、复合句或并列句。

2、如果是简单句，首先确定主谓结构；接着确定宾语和宾语补足语（如有的话）；然后确定定语和状语等次要成分，即找出主语、谓语和宾语各自的修饰语。按照所确定的各个成分，给出全句大意（可用翻译法）。译文意思应当通顺，并和上下文意义基本吻合。如意义出入较大，文理不通，则分析可能有误，这时应考虑重新进行句子结构分析。

3、如果是并列句，首先应找出并列连词并把全句分解为若干个分句；接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意；然后将全句综合考虑。

4、如果是复合句，首先找出从属连词并确定出主句，这时应特别注意连词省略现象和多义连词在句中的确切含义；接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意；然后确定从句的性质，即该从句在句中修饰什么词语或结构；最后整体考虑全句大意，尤其要注意对修饰语的判断是否准确。

三、长难句分析的注意事项

在分析句子成分时，还应特别注意下列几点：

1、是否有同位语和插入语。

2、是否有省略、倒装和分隔等现象。

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3、替代词的所指对象。

4、判断并列成分的层次。

5、句首的并列连词and、or、but、for通常起承上启下的作用，不要将他们归入后文的句法分析。

6、在从句多的句子中，从句中又包含从句的现象。

7、非限定动词短语在句中作次要成分（定语和状语）时又带着自己较长的从属成分，尤其是状语从句或宾语从句时的结构分析。

8、在有多个从句的复合句和并列句中，状语（单个词、短语或从句）究竟是全句的修饰语还是某个从句或词语的修饰语。

练习：

1. Canada has vast areas of wilderness, from the Arctic north, where average winter temperatures are usually minus 20 degrees centigrade, to the 8,892-kilometre-long border with the USA to the south, which is the longest border in the world not defended by an army or the police.

2. Montreal, a port in the province of Quebec, is the second largest city in Canada, and

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also the second largest French-speaking city in the world, Paris being the largest.

3. As a modern, dynamic city, Montreal has a lively night scene, with many restaurants and clubs, as well as cultural and street festivals to ensure that no visitor is ever bored.

4. It also has superb scenery, a beautiful harbour, and all the comforts of modern life and international cuisine, in addition to being close to some very popular ski areas.

5. The waterfalls, the largest of which is shaped like a semicircle, are 670 metres wide, and fall 56 metres in an awesome white sheet of water.

6. Although only a handful of people became successful, many stayed and built settlements in the area, and there are now many museums showing what life was like back then.

7. Indeed, sitting in front of the television watching a sports event, with a drink in one hand and some fast food in the other, is very common in Australia.

8. Another popular sport, cricket, is originally from the UK, and has been exported to and followed in countries influenced by it, such as Australia, India, Pakistan, Kenya and South Africa.

9. I think that what that student wrote on the blackboard was wrong.

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10. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, to help reduce unemployment pressures. (2009 江苏)

11. If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English—William, the Conqueror.

12. He found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill，in Bedfordshire，and thought that he must have tried the hare in a place he knew well，but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773．

13. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.

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