强调句型重点用法例析

强调句型重点用法例析

巩 勃

英语中“It is/was +被强调部分+who/that+其它”是强调句型的基本构成。这种结构在中学英语课本中频频出现，引起高考命题者的格外关注。

强调句的基本句型是：“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who从句。”可强调的句子成分通常为主语,状语,宾语等,不能用来强调谓语动词, 表语(主语补语), 定语，让步状语, 条件状语等。被强调部分可以是单词，短语，也可以是从句。

一、具体用法:

强调句的基本构成：It is/was + 被强调的部分 + who（主要指人时）/that + 其余部分

[注意1]

这种结构可以强调句子的主语、宾语、状语（包括时间，地点，方式，原因等），但是不能强调谓语动词。

原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态，用It is…that/who….；

原句的谓语动词如果是过去时态，用It was…that/who….；

强调时间、地点、原因或方式时不要用when, where或how, 必须用that。

[例句1]

I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.

→It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.（强调主语）

→It was in the street that I saw him yesterday afternoon.（强调地点状语）

→It was yesterday afternoon that I saw him in the street.（强调时间状语）

→It was him that/who I saw in the street yesterday afternoon.（强调宾语）

[例句2]

He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back.

→It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.

He didn’t do his homework until his father came back from work.

→It wasn’t until his father came back from work that he did his homework.

[例句3]

Only when you nearly lose someone do you fully realize how much you value him.

→It is only when you nearly lose someone that you fully realize how much you value him.

只有你快要失去某个人时，你才意识到你是多么尊重他。

[例句4]

I was late again because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour.

→It was because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour that I was late again.

强调句中只能强调由because引导的原因状语从句，because不能换成since, as, for, now that等。

[注意2]强调句的疑问结构

一般疑问句 Is / Was it +被强调部分 +who / that …?

特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+is /was +it +who / that…?

What is/was it that…?

Who is/was it that…?

When is/was it that…?

Where is/was it that…?

Why is/was it that…?

How is/was it that…?

[例句1]

I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.

→When was it that you saw him in the street?

→Who was it that you saw in the street yesterday afternoon?

→Where was it that you saw him yesterday afternoon?

[例句2]

I don’t know when he will come back.

→I don’t know when it is that he will come back.（宾语从句疑问词后用陈述句语序）

–How was it that you got in touch with Mr. Smith? 你是怎么和Smith先生联系上的？

–Trough a friend of mine. 通过一个朋友。

二、强调句型使用的场合

1. 强调句型用于强调陈述句。

形式：It is/was + 被强调部分+ that/who…

例：（1）It was there, the police believe,___ she was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag .

A. until B. which C. that D. when

解析：选C 被强调部分为地点状语there，the police believe为插入语

（2）It was after he got what he had desired___ he realized it was not so important.

A. that B. when C. since D. as

解析：选A 被强调的是时间状语after he got what he had desired

2. 强调句型用于强调一般疑问句。

形式：Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who…?

例： Was it form the lake___ he often went fishing___ he saved the drowning girl?

A. that; that B. where; where C. where;that D. that; where

解析：选C 解答此题关键是能够对句型进行正确的分析和判断。本题题干为一个强调句式，it was +被强调部分+that/who，lake后面是个定语从句，由关系副词where引导，第二空才是强调句中的that。

注意：如果该句型用于宾语从句中，应使用陈述语序。

3. 强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句。

形式：疑问词（Wh-）+ is/was it that+其他部分

I really don’t know ___ I had my money stolen.

A. when was it that B. that it was when C. where it was that D. it was where that

解析：选C 强调句作know的宾语，语序应为陈述句语序，被强调部分为where，但是强调句为宾语从句时，这类wh-连接代词或副词常置于it之前，作宾语从句的连接词。

注意：如果该句型用于宾语从句中，应使用陈述语序。

4. 强调句型用于强调not…until…句型

形式：It is/was not until +被强调部分+that+其他成分

例（:1） It was not until she got home ___Jennifer realised she had lost her keys.

A. when B.that C.where D.before 、

解析：选B 考查强调句中对not until的强调；是否能辨析出引导词that.

（2）.___the catastrophe happened that the local government realized the importance of substantial development.

A. It was until B. Not until C. Until D.It was not until

解析：选D。 考查强调句中not until的用法.考查了 It was not until the catastrophe happened that .

5. 变式强调句型

变式1 It must /may/might/ be+被强调部分+that …

变式2 It must/may/might have been+被强调部分+that…

变式3 It can’t/couldn’t be + 被强调部分+that…

变式4 Could/can it be +被强调部分+that…

如：It might be his father that you’ve been thinking of.

It must have been his brother that you saw.

It can’t be your book that he is reading.

Could it be Tom that is making the noise?

6. 几种特殊的强调句型的理解与使用

1）It’s…, not… who … 是… …而不是 … …,例如：

It is you, not he, who/that are to meet him at the airport.

2）It is/was not… but… that… 不是… … 而是… …, that后的动词应与but后的名词或代词保持人称和数的一致，例如：

It is not who is right but what is right____ is of importance.

A.which B. it C. that D. this 答案为 C

3） It is /was … not… that, 或It is/was… that…, not…,,是… …而不是… …, that 后的动词应与not前的名词或代词保持一致。例如:

It is the ability to do the job that matters, not where you come from or what you are.

It is the way you speak not what you say that matters.

4）It is /was… rather than… that, 是… … 而不是… …,that后的动词应与rather than前的名词或代词保持人称和数的一致。例如：

It is the prevention of disease rather than its successful treatment that led to the rapid increase of the world’s population.

7. 强调句型中套用定语从句

形式：It is/was + 被强调部分+关系代词/副词+定语从句+that+其他成分 例如：

It was the training ____he had as a young man____ made him such a good engineer.

A. what; that B. that; what C. that ; which D. which; that

该题中第一空是定语从句，the training作了he had的宾语，所以选用which;第二空是It was…+被强调部分（the training）+that…的强调句型。所以答案为D。

---Where did you get to know her?

--- It was on the farm___ we worked.

A. that B. there C. which D. where

答案为D。该题是被强调部分后跟了由where引导的定语从句，省略了“that I got to know her”。

——I can’t find Mr. Smith. Where did you meet him this morning?

------It was in the hotel ____ he stayed (that I met him).

A. where B. which C. the one D. that 答案为A

三、 强调句型与其他带有it 的复合句型的区别：

（1）与主语从句的区别：

It is there that accidents often happen. （强调句）

It is a fact that English is being accepted as international language. （主语从句）

强调句与主语从句虽然在形式上很相似，都含有It is/was… that…,但是它们有一个很重要的区别，强调句去掉It is /was …that之后，句子结构仍然完整，而主语从句却不能这样，所以第一个句子可改为“Accidents often happen there.”。而第二个却不能改为“A fact English is being accepted as an international language.”。

(2) 与定语从句的区别

It is novels that Miss Williams enjoys reading.

该句强调宾语，句意为：威廉姆斯女士喜欢读的是小说。

It is a question that needs careful consideration.

该句是定语从句，that 在从句中作主语，句意是：这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。

由此可见，强调句中that没有意义，在句中不作任何成分，而定语从句中that作关系代词，在从句中要充当一个句子成分。

（3）与状语从句的区别：

A. 强调句与It is/was +时间+when从句

此句型中it指时间，when引导的是时间状语从句。

It was at 6 o’clock that I got up today.

It was 6 o’clock when I got up today. 第一句为强调句型，强调时间状语，介词at与时间名词6o’clock一起作状语。第二句是状语从句，it是指时间，时间名词6o’clock作表语，when引导时间状语从句。

由此可见，时间名词前若有介词，该句就为强调句型，反之就是when引导的时间状语从句。

B. 强调句型与It is +时间+since从句

It is…since…表示“自从… …以来已有… …（时间）”。该句型中since从句中用一般过去式。所以注意两个句型中时态一般不同。

试比较：

It was two years ago that I began to learn English.我是两年前才开始学英语的。

It is two hours that he spends on English every day.他每天花2个小时学英语。

It is 2 years since I began to learn English.自从我开始学英语已经两年了。

C．强调句型与It is/was not long before…从句的区别：

It was two years before he came back from abroad.

It was two years later that he came back from abroad.

两个句子都意为“他是两年后回国的。”，第一句中的it指时间，before引导的是时间状语从句；第二句为强调结构、强调状语two years later.。

四、使用强调句型应注意的几点

1.被强调的是状语或状语从句时要用that引导从句，而不能用which, when, where 。例如：

It was along the Mississippi River ____ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.

A.how B. which C. that D. where （答案为C）

2.被强调的是人时，引导词可用who也可用that。例如：

It was Xiao Ming who/that took his bag away.

3．被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词，主句的be动词都用单数is或was。例如：

It was Madame Curie and her husband who discovered radium.

4.被强调成分是主语，who／that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与原句中的主语保持一致。如：

It is I who am right．

It is he who is wrong．

It is the students who are lovely．

5.如果被强调的成分有同位语，同位语也应提前。

It was from him，his chemistry teacher，that Paul learned to watch carefully in class．

6.被强调成分是作主语的代词，用主格，是作宾语的代词，用宾格

It was he that helped me yesterday.

It was me that he helped yesterday.

7.被强调部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用who

It was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about．

五、常见强调句型经典练习归类

（一）强调句型的强调部分必须是对 that / who 之后句子的某一成分表示强调，如果把

\"It is (was)...that \"去掉，该句应该意思完整，不缺任何句子成分：

1. Is it _____ who wants to see you.

A. him B. he C. his D. himself

2. It was _____ who respected all their teachers.

A. them B. their C. they D. themselves

3. --- What is Mary ? --- Was it _____ that you were referred to ?

A. he B. she C. her D. they

4. It _____ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago .

A. was B. are C. were D. had been

5. It _____ at Christmas that John Smith gave Mary a handbag.

A. must have B. will be C. might have been D. may have had

6. ---Was that new school master who walked by ? --- _____.

A. It must be that B. It must have been C. He must be D. This must have been

【题解】强调部分如果是人称代词，应根据句子需要选择它的主格或宾格形式：如第⒈⒉⒊ 小题。注意谓语动词形式与整个句子语境的一致性：如第⒋⒌ ⒍ 小题。

（二）强调部分为疑问词时：

7. _____ electricity plays an important part in our daily life ?

A. Why was it that B. Why is it that C. Why is it D. Why it is that

8. Who was it _____ wanted to see me just now ?

A. that B. who C. when D. when

9. _____ you met the foreigner from Canada ?

A. Where it was that B. Who it was that C. Where was it that D. Where was that

【题解】强调部分为疑问代词或疑问副词时，该强调句句型结构与特殊疑问句句型相同，即：疑问词 + 一般疑问句”

（三）强调部分为 \" not ... until \" 句型：

10. It was not until late in the evening _____ her husband arrived home .

A. which B. when C. that D. how

11. It was not until 1920 _____ regular radio broadcasts began.

A. which B. when C. that D. since

12. It was not __ she took off her dark glasses __ I realized she was a famous film star.

A. when ; that B. until ; that C. until ; when D. when ; then

【题解】注意 \" not ... until \" 句型的变化。比较下列三个句子：

She didn't remember her appointment with the doctor until she had arrived home.

It was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment with the doctor.

Not until she had arrived home did she remember her appointment with the doctor.

（四）复合句中的强调句型：

13. I can't quite remember _____ you started doing the work .

A. that it was when B. when it was that C. when was it that D. that was it when

14. She wants to know if it is 600 miles an hour _____ the newest plane can go.

A. which B. that C. when D. on which

15. Was it _____ he was seriously ill that he didn't come to school yesterday .

A. although B. that C. because D. since

16. It was only when I reread his poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their beauty .

A. until B. that C. then D. so

17. _____ he came back home that we knew what had happened .

A. When it was B. It was when C. Was it when D. When was it

18. It was the training _____ he had as a young man _____ made him such a good engineer.

A. what ; that B. that ; what C. that ; which D. which : that

19. It was _____ he said _____ disappointed me at that time.

A. what ; that B. that ; that C. what ; what D. that ; what

【题解】当强调部分为从句或含从句的短语时，应首先确定它在句子中的作用。第⒔ ⒕ 小题为宾语从句；第⒖ ⒗ ⒘ 小题为状语从句,此时不能对 for, as , since , although 引导的从句表示强调; 第 ⒙ 小题的强调部分又被一个由 which 引导的定语从句修饰; 第⒚ 小题的强调部分则为 what 引导的主语从句。

（五）强调部分为介词短语：

20. It was through Jack _____ Mary got to know Bob .

A. who B. whom C. how D. that

21. It was _____ great care that they did the job.

A. for B. about C. with D. in

22. It was on October 1st 1949 _____ new China was founded .

A. which B. when C. as D. that

23. Was it in this palace _____ the last emperor died ?

A. that B. in which C. in where D. which

24. It was the school gate ______ I met an old friend of mine after class .

A. that B. which C. where D. why

【题解】强调部分为介词短语时，①应特别注意能引起误解的干扰选项，如第20小题； ②表示时间或地点时，应注意与定语从句的区别，如第24小题。

25、（2011四川卷）15. Was it on a lonely island ____ he was saved one month after the boat went down?

A. where B. that C. which D. what

26、（2011陕西卷）23.It is not how much we do but how much love we put into

what we do______benefits our work most.

A. who B. which C. that D. what

27、（2011重庆卷）32.—Have you seem the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?

— Of course, I have. It was in our village _______ it was made.

A.that B.where C.when D.which

28、(2011湖南卷)35 It’s not what we do once in a while __ shapes our lives, but what we do consistently

A .which B. that C. how D. when

答案： 1B 2 C 3 C 4 A 5 C 6 B 7 B 8 A 9C 10 C 11 C

12 B 13 B 14 B 15 C

16 B 17 B 18 D 19

A 20 D 21 C 22 D 23 A 24 C 25 B 26 C 27A 28 B