2019年中考英语专项练习16：短文填空考点讲解和练习题(解
析)
注意事项：认真阅读理解，结合历年的真题，总结经验，查找不足！重在审题，多思考，多理解！
【考点扫描】
短文填空是近两年才创设的一种新题型。这种题型通常有四种形式：
1、给出一篇难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词，让考生根据上下文填上所缺的单词。 2、给出一篇难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词，但给出这些单词的第一个字母，让考生根据短文的上下文的意思和所给的提示字母，填上所缺的单词。
3、给出一篇难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词，同时在一个方框内给出一些单词，让考生根据短文的内容，把这些单词填入空白处，使文章正确、通顺。
4、给出一篇难易适中的短文，中间去掉几个单词或短语，同时给出这些单词或短语的汉语意思，让考生根据短文的上下文和所给汉语的提示，填上适当的单词或短语。陕西省的短文填空题采用的基本上是第四种形式。
这种题型考查的是考生的整体阅读能力、基础语法的运用能力和书面表述能力，特别是单词和短语的拼写能力。它是介于阅读理解和书面表达之间的一种题型。 【名师解难】
做好短文填空题要求考生具备坚实的语法基础，理解文章大意和主旨的能力，牢固掌握英语的习惯用法和固定搭配，熟记英语单词的拼写。做短文填空可以从以下几个方面着手：
1、从语法方面考虑
短文填空题所涉及的语法内容通常包括：名词的单复数、形容词和副词的比较等级、主谓一致、动词的时态和语态、介词和连词的选用等。例如2017年中考的短文填空题的第一个空：“Mostofus1(忙于)talkingaboutandusingtheInterneteveryday….”在这里，用英语表示“忙于”不仅要用busy,busy之前还要加be,而be还要和主语mostofus保持一致，变成are。再如2017年中考题中的第7个空，butsoonyou’ll7_____(习惯于)doingit.“习惯于”必须用be/getusedto,因为这个短语用在一般将来时中，在助动词之后。
2、从习惯用法和固定搭配方面考虑
如上所说，陕西省的短文填空以词组和短语为主，而词组和短语必然会涉及到很多习惯用法和固定搭配。例如2017年中考说明短文填空的第8个空：“8〔在圣诞夜〕childrenareveryhappy.”用英语表示“在圣诞夜”必须用OnChristmasEve。因为在“某一天的晚上”习惯上用介词on。2017年考题中的第5个空就是一个固定搭配---atleast。
3、从上下文的结构方面考虑
有的空白必须根据上下文的结构才能判断应该填什麽样的单词或短语。例如2017年考试说明短文填空的第9个空：
Theyputtheirstockingattheendoftheirbeds9theirparentscanputpresentsinthem.从上下文文我们可以看出，他们把他们的长筒袜放在床头上是为了让他们的父母亲能够把礼物放在里面。以此判断，后面的句子应是一个目的状语从句。因此，应填sothat。再看2017年的10个空Eatalotoffruitsandvegetablesanddrinkwater10_______(代替)drinks.这个句子中已经有了谓语动词eat和drink,代替就不能再用动词，而需用一个介词insteadof。 【中考范例】 V.短文填空
根据上下文和括号里的汉语提示，在下面的空白处写出正确的单词和短语，使短文意思完整。
Whenyoulaugh,youwill1______(张
开)yourmouthandyourteeth.Thehealthierthoseteethare,thehappieryoulook.Whyisthat? It’s2_______(因为)yourteethareimportantinmanyways.Ifyoutakecareofthem,they’llhelptotakecareofyou.Strong,healthyteethhelpyoueattherightfoodtohelpyougrow.Theyalsohelpyouspeakclearly.
Youcantakecareofyourteethbydoinglikethese: Brushyourteeth3_______(一日两
次)afterbreakfastandbeforebedtime.Ifyoucan,brush4_______(午饭后)oraftereatingsweetcakes.
Brushallofyourteeth,notjustthefrontones.Spendsometimeontheteethalongthesidesandintheback.
Takeyourtimewhilebrushing.Spend5_______(至少)3minuteseachtimeyoubrush. Besureyourtoothbrushissoft(柔软
的).Askyourparenttohelpyougetanewtoothbrush6________(每三个月). Learnhowtofloss(用牙线清
理)yourteeth,whichisaveryimportantwaytokeepthemhealthy.Itfeelsstrangewhenyoudoitatfirst,butsoonyou’ll7_____(习惯于)doingit.Theflossgetsridoffoodthat’shiddenbetweenyourteeth. Brushingandflossing8______(保
持)yourteethhealthy.Youalsoneedtocareaboutwhatyoueatanddrink.Eat9______(许多)fruitsandvegetablesanddrinkwater10_______(代替)drinks. 1.open张开嘴的“张开”应用open。
2.because要回答前面why提出的问题，应用because。 3.twiceaday这是英语常见的一种表示方法。
4.afterlunchafter之后常常跟一个时间点，lunch可看作一个时间点。 5.atlast这是一个固定的短语
6.everythreemonthsevery之后如果有大于一的数词来修饰名词，这个名词用复数形式。又如：everythreedays,everyfouryears。
7.be/getusedto这也是一个习惯用语，后接名词或定名词。 8.keep“keepsomebody/something+形容词”是一个常见句型。
9.lotsof/alotof/many这几个限定词都可用来修饰可数名词的复数。 10.insteadof这是一个短语介词，后接名词活动名词。 【总分值演练】 (1)
Everyoneneedsfriends.Weallliketofeelclosetosomeone.Itisnicetohaveafriendtotalk,laugh,anddothingswith.Surely,therearetimeswhenweneedtobealone.Wedon'talwayswantpeople1________(周围).Butwewouldfeellonelyifweneverhadafriend.
Notwopeoplearejustthesame.Sometimesfriendsdon't2_________(相处得好).Thatdoesn'tmeanthattheynolongerlike3_________(互
相).Mostofthetimetheywillmakeupand4__________(继续)beingfriends.
Sometimesfriendsmoveaway.Thenwefeelverysad.We5_______(想
念)themverymuch.Butwecallthemandwritetothem.Itcouldbethatwewouldevenseethemagain.Andwecan6__________(结交新朋
友〕.Itissurprisingtofindouthowmuchwelikenewpeoplewhenwegettoknowthem.
Familiessometimesnametheirchildrenafteraclosefriend.7_________(许多地
方)arenamedaftermenandwomenwhohavebeenfriendlytopeopleinatown.Somelibrariesarenamedthisway.Soaresomeschools.We8_______〔想起〕thesepeoplewhenwegototheseplaces.
There'smoregoodnewsforpeoplewhohavefriends.Theylive9________(长一
些)thanpeoplewhodon't.Why?Itcouldbethattheyarehappier.Beinghappyhelpsyoustaywell.Oritcouldbejustknowingthatsomeonecares.Ifsomeonecaresaboutyou,youtakebettercareof10________〔你自己〕. (2)
Mostgreatinventorsoftenmetwithmuchtroubleintheirwork.Beforetheycouldsucceed,theyhadtoovercome1_________(数以千计的)difficultieswhichwereputintheirway.Thefollowingisoneofsuchexamples. GeorgeStephenson(1781~~1848),a2__________(著名的)Britishinventormadethefirsttrainin1825,usingastreamengine.Whenhewasexperimentingwiththeengine3________(在火车上),hemetwithtroublesfromthegovernment,thenewspapersandthegentlemeninthecountry.Theysaidthatthe4________(噪音)andthesmokewouldkillcows,horsesandsheep,thattheenginewouldburstorthatthehotcoalsfromitwouldsetfiretotheirhouses.Peoplebelieve5___________(他们说的话). GeorgeStephensontoldthepeoplethatthetraincouldgoonsmallrails,couldpullcarriages6________(装满)goodsandpassengersandthattherewasnogreatdangertothem.Itwasaverydifficultmatterforhimtomakethembelieve.7________(然而),aftersometime,hewasabletodoit,andthefirsttrain,thatwasdrivenbyGeorgeStephensonhimselfprovedwhathehadsaid.Onthetraintherewasanewsteamengine.Itwasinventedbyhim,andwasprovedacomplete8_______(成功).
Thefirstdaywhenthetrainranontherails,peoplealongthewayheardthenoiseofthetraininthedistance,andsawitrunningquicklytothem.Theythoughtitwasagenie.Theyranquicklybackhomeforfearandclosedtheirdoorstightly.Theydidnotdareto9________(出来)untilithadpassed.10________(一周以后)anoldwomanstillsaidthatherhenhadbeensofrightenedthatithadn'tlaidanyeggsforthreedays.
【练习答案】 (3)
MostofAmericanbusinessesareopenfivedaysaweek.Americanschoolchildrenattendschoolfivedaysaweekaswell.
Americanfamiliesusuallyhavea1______〔两天〕weekend.TheweekendisSaturdayandSunday.Overtheweekendpeoplespendtheirtime2_______(以许多不同的方式).Manyfamiliesenjoyweekends3______(一起).Theymaygoshopping,goforadriveorvisitfriends.Theymayalsoinvitefriendsoverand4______(聚会)athome.ManyAmericanfamiliesparticipate〔参加〕insportsduringtheweekend.5_______(跑步),biking,playingvolleyballandswimming6_____(流行)insummer.Skiingandskatingarethe7_____(最喜爱的)wintersports.
WeekendsarealsoatimeforAmericanfamiliestoworkonsomethingintheiryardsorin8______
(他们的)houses.Manyfamiliesplantflowersandhavevegetablegardens.Somefamiliesusetheweekends9_______〔粉刷〕orrepairtheirhouses.10______(对大部分美国人来说),weekendsareverybusy. (4)
Perhapsmorethananyotherpeople,Americanshavecometodependontheircars.Thefamilycar1_________(一直是)acommonthing2_______(从……以来)theearlytwentiethcentury,andithaschangedAmericanlife.Manypeoplehavemoved3_______(外面)ofthelargecitiestothesuburbs.SomeAmericansspend4________(每天两小时)ormoreintheircars5_______(去上班)andhomeagain.Carshavebecomethe6_______(工具)oftransportationformostAmericansgoingshopping,andevengoingonvacations. Americans7______(过去常常)likebigcars,andgasolineusedtobeveryinexpensive.Recently,8_______〔然而〕,thecostofgasolinehasincreased,smallercarshavebecome9_______〔更常见〕.Alsoforeigncarshavebecomeverycommon.Americanshavebought10_______〔大量的〕JapaneseandGermancars.Theyhaveboughtcarsfromseveralothercountriesaswell. (5)
Eachmorningarichmanfoundapoormansittingonaparkbench〔长凳〕.Thepoormanalwayssatthere,1___________(看着)thebighotelinwhichtherichmanlived.2_________〔有一天〕therichmangotoutofhiscarandsaidtothepoorman,
“Excuseme,butIjustwanttoknowwhyyousithereandlookatmyhotel3_________(每天早晨).”“Sir,”saidthepoorman,“Iamafailure.Ihavenomoney,nohome.Isleep4________(在这条长凳上),andeverynightIdream〔梦想〕thatonedayI'llsleepinthathotel.”Therichmansaid,“Tonightyourdreamwill5________(变为现实).I'llpayforthebestroominthathotelforyouawholemonth.” 6_________(几天以后),therichmanwentbythepoorman'sroomtoaskhimhowhewasenjoyinghimself.7___________(使他惊讶的是),hefoundthatthemanhad8__________(搬出了)thehotel,backtohisparkbench.Whentherichmanaskedwhy,thepoormansaid,“Yousee,whenI'mdownheresleepingonmybench,IdreamI'mupthere,9____________(在那个大宾馆里).It'sawonderfuldream.ButwhenIwasupthere,IdreamedIwasbacktothiscoldbench.Itwasaterribledream,andIcouldn'tgetanysleep10________(根本).” (6)
OnOctober12,1989,someChinesescientistswereworkingatthecomputersto1________(寻
找)theinformationtheyneeded.Suddenlytheysawalotofverybrightspotscrossingthecomputers’screens.2__________(同时),theystoppedtheirworktochecksomepartsofthecomputers.Totheirhorror,they3___________(发现)thatmostoftheirstoredinformationwasgotridofbycomputerviruses!Obviouslyallthesecomputershadbeeninfectedbycomputerviruses.
4___________(据
说)thatthecomputervirusesweremadebyagroupofyoungmenlikeplayingtricks.Theyallhadexcellent5_________(教育).Theycreatedthevirusesjusttoshowtheirintelligence.6___________(这种)computervirusesisnamedJerusalemViruses.Thesevirusescanstayincomputers7___________(很长时间).Whenthetimecomestheywillattackthecomputersbyloweringthefunctions,damagingtheirnormalprogramsorevengettingridofalltheinformation..
WenowcometoknowthatJerusalemVirusesoftenattackcomputers8__________〔在星期五〕andtheyarespreadingtoalotofcomputers.AmongthecountriesthatsufferedcomputervirusesareBritain,Switzerland,theUSandsome9________(其它的)countries.Buttillnowhowtogetridoftheterribleviruses10__________(仍然是)aproblem. 〔7〕
InAmericanhighschool1_______(大多数)studentstakeEnglish,science,mathandhistory. 2_______(在英语课堂上),thestudentsstudygrammarandreadfamousliterature.Inscienceclass,theystudybiology,chemistryorphysics.Historyis3________(更有趣)tosomestudentsbecausetheylearnaboutimportanteventsandplaces4________(在美国).Studentstake5______〔其它〕courses,too.Theseareelectives.Somestudy6________〔音乐〕becausetheyfeelitismoreenjoyable.Somestudy7_________〔计算机科学〕becausethey8________(认为)itismorepractical. 9______〔在各自课堂上〕,teachersgivestudentsexams.Someexamsaremoredifficultthanothers,butagoodstudentcanalwaysdo10______〔好〕. (8)
OnekindofvacationthatmanyAmericansenjoyiscamping.Eachsummer1_____(数百万的)Americansdrivetothecountrysidewheretheyfindplaces2_____〔野营〕.Thenationalparks,manyofwhichare3_____(在山里),arefavouritecampingplaces.Campersenjoythe4_______〔新鲜空气〕,thelakesandtheforestswhichtheyfindintheseparks.Campershike,swimandfish.Theycanalsofind5______〔许多种〕animalsandplantsintheparks.Mostlycampershavetrailerswhichtheydriveorpullbehindtheircarstotheircampsites.Trailersarelikehouses6______〔在轮子上〕.Theyhavemanyconvenienceswhichpeoplehaveintheirhomes,7_______〔例如〕electricityandhotwater.But8_______〔大多数〕campersdon’thavetrailers.Theycampintentswhichthey9________〔搭起〕intheircampsites.Campersintentsdon’thavetheconveniencesthatcampersintrailershave.Tentcampersenjoy10_________(一种简单的生活). 〔9〕
Allbigcitiesarequitesimilar.LivinginamodernAsiancityisnotvery1〔不同於〕livinginanAmericancity.Thesamecannotbesaidaboutliving2〔在农场上〕,however.
Inmanypartsoftheworld,farmersandtheirfamilieslive3(在村庄和城镇里).IntheUnitedStates,however,eachfarmfamilylivesonitsownfields,oftenbeyondthesightofanyneighbors.4〔不用〕travelingfromavillagetothefieldseverymorning,Americanfarmersstay5〔在他们的土地上〕throughouttheweek.Theytraveltothenearesttown6〔在星期六〕forshoppingoronSundaysforchurch.Thechildrenrideonbusestolargeschoolswhichserve7(所有的农场家庭)livinginthearea.Insomeareas,therearesmallschoolsservingafewfarmfamilies,andthechildrenwalktoschool. 8〔当然〕lifekeepschangingforeveryone,includingfarmers.Todaytherearecars,goodroads,radios,andtelevisionsets.Andofcoursetherearemodernmachinesforfarming.Allofthesehavechangedfarmlife.
Formanyyears,however,farminginAmericawasoftenalonelywayofliving.Farmers9〔不得不〕dealwiththeirownproblems,insteadofgettinghelpfromothers.They10〔学会〕totrynewmethods,andtotrusttheirownideasinsteadoffollowingolderways. (10)
Ateacherfromawesterncountryvisitedaschoolinan1_______(东方国家).Inoneclass,shewatchedsixtychildrenastheylearned2_______(画)acat.Theteacherdrewabig○3_________(在黑板上),andsixtychildrencopieditontheirpapers.Theteacherdrewasmall○onthetopofthefirstandthenputtwo△△ontopofit.Thechildrendrew4_________(以同样的方式).Thelessonwentonuntilthereweresixty-onecatsintheclassroom.Eachstudent’scat5________(看上去)exactlyliketheoneontheboard.
Thevisitingteacherwatchedthelessonand6________(感到惊讶).Theteachingmethods(ways)wereverymuchdifferentfromthewayofteachinginhercountry.Achildren’sartlessoninherowncountryproducedaroomfulofpictures,eachoneisquite7_________(不同
于)theothers.Why?Whatmakesthisdifferenceineducationalmethods?Inaclassroominanycountry,theteacherteachesmorethanartorhistoryorlanguage.
8__________(在一个国家里)suchastheUnitedStatesorCanada,studentsareaskedtoworkbythemselvesandfindanswers9_________(他们自己).Thestudentsarehelpedtolearntohavetheirownideas.IncountriessuchasChinaandJapan,studentsoftenworktogetherandhelpeachotherintheclassroom,buttheteachersteachandthestudentslisten.Thestudentsareaskedtomemorizealot.They10__________(必须)learnthesametextbook.Theydothesamehomeworkandgivethesameanswers.
(11)
HewasborninAtlanta,Georgia,onJanuary15,1929.Hewasblack.Helived1________〔仅仅〕thirty-nineyears,buthebecameworld-famousinthatshorttime.He2_______(长大)inthesoutheasternpartoftheUnitedStates.HestudiedatMorehouseCollegewherehemetmanyoutstandingmenwhoseideashefoundimportantandexciting.TherehereadthewritingsofThoreau,whichgavehimmanyideas3________(关于自由).
AfterhegraduatedfromMorehouse,he4______(接着)tostudyattheUniversityofPennsylvania,HarvardUniversity,andBostonUniversity.AtBostonUniversity,hemethiswife,Coretta.5________〔1954〕,afterhegothisPh.D.degree,hebecametheministerofasmallchurch6_________〔南方
的〕.Therehebecametheleaderoftheblackpeople,whowerepoorandwithoutpower.Hegavespeechesandledmarches.Forhisideasandactions,hewenttojail7____〔一段时间〕. 8_______(许多年以后),inWashington,D.C.,hespoketoacrowdof250,000people.Hetoldthem,“Ihaveadream.”Thatspeechisstill9______(著名).In1964hewontheNobelPeacePrize.Hisworkwasnot10______(结束)whenhediedonApril4,1968.Whowashe?HewasMartinLutherKing. (12)
DearMr.Costa,
I’msorryithastakenmesolongtowrite.I’vebeenverybusywithworkandschool,butI’ve1________〔想起〕youoften.
How’veyoubeenlately?DidyouhaveagoodChristmasandNewYear’s?Macsaysyou’vebeenworkinghardattherestaurantandthatbusinessisverygood.What2_______(别的)haveyoubeendoing?
Ihadashortbutgoodvacation.MacandIwenttoChicagofor3_______(几天)beforeChristmas,butI4______(不得不)comebackandworkbetweenChristmasandNewYear’s(includingChristmasDayandNewYear’sEve)!5_____〔每次〕somethinglikethat6_______〔发生〕IwonderifIreallywanttoworkinthehotelbusiness.
TheotherdayIwasthinkingaboutthefunweusedtohave7______(在我们英语课堂上).Ihaven’tseenmanyofourclassmatessincethecoursewasover.8_____〔事实上〕,theonlyoneIseeveryoftenisTomiko.I’dreallyliketogetintouchwithFranco.Doeshe9_______(曾经)writetoyou?Ifso,couldyoupleasesendmehisaddress?
Well,MacandIaregoingskatingandhe10______〔在等我〕,soIguessI’dbettersaygoodbyenow.Writeassoonasyoucan.
Love, Maria 【练习答案】
(1)1.around2.getalongwell3.eachother4.goon5.miss6.makenewfriends7.Manyplaces8.thinkof9.longer10.yourself
(2)1.thousandsof2.famous3.onthetrain4.noise5.whattheysaid6.fullof7.However8.success9.comeout10.Aweeklater
(3)1.two-day2.inmanydifferentways3.together4.haveaparty5.Running6.arepopular7.favourite8.their9.topaint10.FormostAmericans
(4)1.hasbeen2.since3.outside4.twohoursaday5.goingtowork6.means7.usedto8.however9.morecommon10.largenumbersof
(5)1.lookingat2.Oneday3.everymorning4.onthisbench5.cometrue6.Afewdayslater7.Tohissurprise8.movedoutof9.inthatbighotel10.atall
(6)1.lookfor2.Atthesamemoment3.foundout4.Itissaid5.education6.Thiskindof7.foralongtime8.onFridays9.other10.remains
(7)1.most2.InEnglishclass3.moreinteresting4.intheUnitedStates5.other6.music7.computerscience8.think9.Ineachclass10.well
(8)1.millionsof2.tocamp3.inthemountains4.freshair5.manykindsof 6.onwheels7.suchas8.most9.setup10.averysimplelife
(9)1.differentfrom2.onfarms3.invillagesortowns4.Insteadof5.ontheirland6.onSaturdays7.allofthefarmfamilies8.Ofcourse9.hadto10.learned
(10)1.easterncountry2.todraw3.ontheblackboard4.inthesameway5.looked6.wassurpris
ed7.differentfrom9.themselves10.haveto
(11)1.only2.grewup3.aboutfreedom4.wenton5.In19546.inthesouth7.forashorttime8.Ma
nyyearslater9.famous10.finished
(12)1.thoughtabout2.else3.afewdays4.hadto5.Everytime6.happens7.inourEnglishclas
s8.Infact9.ever10.iswaitingforme
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容