在CentOS 6.3下安装完Oracle 10g R2，重开机之后，你会发现Oracle没有自行启动，这是正常的，因为在Linux下安装Oracle的确不会自行启动，必须要自行设定相关参数，首先先介绍一般而言如何启动oracle。
以下分为 手动启动oracle 和 开机自动启动 oracle
手动启动Oracle数据库
一、在Linux下启动Oracle
登录到CentOS，切换到oracle用户权限
# su – oracle
接着输入：
$ sqlplus \"/as sysdba\"
原本的画面会变为
SQL>
接着请输入 SQL> startup 就可以正常的启动数据库了。 另外停止数据库的指令如下： SQL> shutdown immediate 二、检查Oracle DB监听器是否正常 回到终端机模式，输入： $ lsnrctl status
检查看看监听器是否有启动 如果没有启动，可以输入： $ lsnrctl start 启动监听器
SQL> conn sys@orcl as sysdba 然后输入密码，sys以sysdba身份登入数据库。 三、启动emctl
另外也可以发现http://localhost.localdomain:1158/em 目前是没有反应的，这边要另外启动，启动的指令如下：
$ emctl start dbconsole
这个指令运行时间较长，执行完的画面如下：
手动启动Oracle数据库完毕，
系统自行启动Oracle数据库
四、Oracle启动&停止脚本
1. 修改Oracle系统配置文件：/etc/oratab，只有这样，Oracle 自带的dbstart和dbshut才能够发挥作用。
# vi /etc/oratab
orcl:/opt/oracle/102:Y
# Entries are of the form:
# $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME: 2. 在 /etc/init.d/ 下创建文件oracle，内容如下： 复制代码代码如下: #!/bin/sh # chkconfig: 35 80 10 # description: Oracle auto start-stop script. # # Set ORA_HOME to be equivalent to the $ORACLE_HOME # from which you wish to execute dbstart and dbshut; # # Set ORA_OWNER to the user id of the owner of the # Oracle database in ORA_HOME. ORA_HOME=/opt/oracle/102 ORA_OWNER=oracle if [ ! -f $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart ] then echo \"Oracle startup: cannot start\" exit fi case \"$1\" in 'start') # Start the Oracle databases: echo \"Starting Oracle Databases ... \" echo \"-------------------------------------------------\" >> /var/log/oracle date +\" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databases as part of system up.\" >> /var/log/oracle echo \"-------------------------------------------------\" >> /var/log/oracle su - $ORA_OWNER -c \"$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart\" >>/var/log/oracle echo \"Done\" # Start the Listener: echo \"Starting Oracle Listeners ... \" echo \"-------------------------------------------------\" >> /var/log/oracle date +\" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Listeners as part of system up.\" >> /var/log/oracle echo \"-------------------------------------------------\" >> /var/log/oracle su - $ORA_OWNER -c \"$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start\" >>/var/log/oracle echo \"Done.\" echo \"-------------------------------------------------\" >> /var/log/oracle date +\" %T %a %D : Finished.\" >> /var/log/oracle echo \"-------------------------------------------------\" >> /var/log/oracle touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle 'stop') # Stop the Oracle Listener: echo \"Stoping Oracle Listeners ... \" echo \"-------------------------------------------------\" >> /var/log/oracle date +\" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Listener as part of system down.\" >> /var/log/oracle echo \"-------------------------------------------------\" >> /var/log/oracle su - $ORA_OWNER -c \"$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop\" >>/var/log/oracle echo \"Done.\" rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle # Stop the Oracle Database: echo \"Stoping Oracle Databases ... \" echo \"-------------------------------------------------\" >> /var/log/oracle date +\" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Databases as part of system down.\" >> /var/log/oracle echo \"-------------------------------------------------\" >> /var/log/oracle su - $ORA_OWNER -c \"$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut\" >>/var/log/oracle echo \"Done.\" echo \"\" echo \"-------------------------------------------------\" >> /var/log/oracle date +\" %T %a %D : Finished.\" >> /var/log/oracle echo \"-------------------------------------------------\" >> /var/log/oracle 'restart') $0 stop $0 start esac 我测试的内容为,并且实验成功以下脚本实现了oracle 开机自启 #注意：例子中的oralce命令在/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/目录。 #修改ORA_HOME的值为ORACLE的目录。 #45,46行一定要加上 1. #!/bin/bash 2. #root 3. #chkconfig: 345 51 49 4. #description: starts the oracle dabase deamons 5. # 6. ORA_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 7. ORA_OWNER=oracle 8. case \"$1\" in 9. 'start') 10. echo -ne \"Starting oracle 11g ... \\n\" 11. su - $ORA_OWNER -c \"$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart\" 12. echo -e \"Done.\\n\" 13. echo -e \"Starting Oracle Listeners ... \\n\" 14. su - $ORA_OWNER -c \"$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start\" 15. echo -e \"Done.\\n\" 16. su - $ORA_OWNER -c \"$ORA_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole\" #启动web 管理界面:http://host_ip_address:1158/em 17. echo -ne \"input root password......\\n\" 18. su - root -c \"touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle11g\" 19. echo -e \"\\n\" 20. ;; 21. 'stop') 22. echo -ne \"shutting down oracle 11g ... \\n\" 23. su - $ORA_OWNER -c \"$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut\" 24. echo -ne \"dbshut ok !\\n\" 25. su - $ORA_OWNER -c \"$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop\" 26. echo -ne \"lsnrctl stop ok !\\n\" 27. su - $ORA_OWNER -c \"$ORA_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole\" 28. #su - root -c \"/home/oracle/ufsoft/stop.sh\" 29. echo -ne \"input root password......\\n\" 30. su - root -c \"rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle11g\" 31. echo 32. ;; 33. 'restart') 34. echo -ne \"restarting oracle 11g ... \\n\" 35. $0 stop 36. $0 start 37. echo 38. ;; 39. *) 40. echo \"Usage: oracle {start|stop|restart} \" 41. exit 1 42. esac 43. exit 0 45.#chkconfig: - 85 15 46.#description:oracle is a World Wide Web server. It is used to server \\dddd 3. 改变文件权限 # chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle 4. 添加服务 # chkconfig --level 35 oracle on #chkconfig --list | grep oracle //查看启动状态 5. 需要在关机或重启机器之前停止数据库，做一下操作 # ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc0.d/K01oracle //关机 # ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc6.d/K01oracle //重启 6. 使用方法 # service oracle start //启动oracle # service oracle stop //关闭oracle # service oracle restart //重启oracle 7. 测试 a. 开机自启动 复制代码代码如下: Last login: Mon Nov 26 19:57:06 2012 from 10.0.0.145 [root@ORS ~]# su - oracle [oracle@ORS ~]$ sqlplus \"/as sysdba\" SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 26 20:07:33 2012 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options SQL> set linesize 300; SQL> set pagesize 30; SQL> select * from scott.emp; EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000 20 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100 20 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10 rows selected. SQL> b. service oracle stop 复制代码代码如下: SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options [oracle@ORS ~]$ logout [root@ORS ~]# service oracle stop Stoping Oracle Listeners ... Done. Stoping Oracle Databases ... Done. [root@ORS ~]# su - oracle [oracle@ORS ~]$ sqlplus \"/as sysdba\" SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 26 20:17:20 2012 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> set linesize 300; SQL> set pagesize 30; SQL> select * from scott.emp; select * from scott.emp * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01034: ORACLE not available SQL> c. service oracle start 复制代码代码如下: SQL> Disconnected [oracle@ORS ~]$ logout [root@ORS ~]# service oracle start Starting Oracle Databases ... Done Starting Oracle Listeners ... Done. [root@ORS ~]# d. service oracle restart 复制代码代码如下: [root@ORS ~]# service oracle restart Stoping Oracle Listeners ... Done. Stoping Oracle Databases ... Done. Starting Oracle Databases ... Done Starting Oracle Listeners ... Done. [root@ORS ~]# 至此，Oracle服务启动&停止脚本与开机自启动设置完毕。 因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容