\"The 'if it bleeds' mle WOrkS for mass media J SayS JOnah Berger, a SChOIar at the UniVerSity Of Pennsylvania. \"They Want your eyeballs and don't Care IlOW yoιfre feeling. BUt Whell you Share a StOly Witll your friends, you Care a IOt more IlOW they react・ YOU don,t Want them to think Of you as a Debbie Downelr
ReSearCherS analyzing WOrd-Of-InOUth COmmUniCatiOn—-mails, Web POStS and reviews, face-to-face COnVerSatiOnS一found that it tended to be more POSitiVe than negative（消极的），but that didn't IleCeSSarily Illean PeOPIe Preferred POSitiVe news. WaS POSitiVe news Shared more Often SimPIy because PeOPIe experienced more good things than bad things? TO test for that possibility, D匚 Berger IOOked at how PeOPIe SPread a PartiCUIar Set Of news stories: thousands Of articles On The NeW YOrk Times, WebSite. He and a PeIIlI COlleagUe analyzed the “most e-mailed^ IiSt for SiX months. One Of his first findings WaS that articles in the
SCienCe SeCtiOn Were much more Iikely to make the IiSt than non-science articles・ He found that SCienCe amazed Times readers and Illade them Want to Share this POSitiVe feeling With others.
ReaderS also tended to Share articles that Were exciting Or funny, Or that inspired negative feelings Iike anger Or anxiety, but not articles that Ieft them merely sad. They needed to be aroused（;敷发）One Way Or the other, and they Preferred good news to bad. The more POSitiVe an article, the more IikeIy it WaS to be shared, as Dι∖ Berger explains in his new book, ''Contagious: Why ThingS CatCIl On.\" 32. What do the CIaSSiC rules mentioned in the text apply to?
A. NeWS reports. B. ReSearCh PaPerS・ C ・PriVate e-mails. D・ Daily COnVerSations.
33・ What Can We infer about PeOPIe Iike Debbie Downer?
A. TheyIe SOCially inactive. at telling StOrieS.
C. Theyre inconsiderate Of others. CarefUl With their WOrdS・
34・ WhiCh tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dι∖ Bergers research?
A・ SPOrtS news・ accounts.
B. SCienCe articles・
C・ PerSOnal
,
,
B・ They,re good
D. Tlley7e
D・ FinanCial reviews.
35. What Can be a SUitable title for the text?
A. Sad StOrieS TraVel Far and Wide AttraCtS MOre PeOPIe
C. Reading HabitS Change With the TimeS BeatS Bad On SOCial NetWOrkS
B ・Online NeWS
D・ GOOd NeWS
32∙ A 33∙ C 34∙ B 35. D
B
A new COneCtiOn Of PhOtOS brings an UnSUCCeSSfUl AntarCtiC VOyage back to life.
Frallk HUTIey's PiCtureS WOUId be OUtStanding——UndOUbtedIy first-rate PhOtO-journalism■一if they had been made IaSt week. In fact, they Were ShOt from 1914 through 1916, most Of them after a disastrous ShiPWlβeck（海j难），by a Cameraman WhO had no reasonable expectation Of SUniVaL Many Of the images Were StOred in an ice chest, Under freezing water, in the damaged WOOden ShiP・
The ShiP WaS the Endurance, a small, tight, NOrWegian-built three-master that WaS intended to take Sir ErneSt ShaCkIetOn and a Sman CreW Of Seamen and scientists, 27 Inen in all, to the SOUthernmOSt ShOre Of Antarctica's Weddell Sea. FrOnl that POint ShaCkletOn Wanted to force a PaSSage by dog sled（雪橇）across the COntinent. The journey WaS intended to achieve more than What CaPtain RObert FalCOn SCOtt had
r
done. CaPtain SCOtt had reached the SOUth POIe early in 1912 but had died With his four COmPaniOnS On the march back・
AS Writer CarOline AIeXander makes CIear in her forceful and well-researched StOry The Endurance, adventuring WaS even then a thoroughly COniInerCial effort・ Scott's IaSt journey, COmPleted as he Iay in a tent dying Of COld and Imngeι∖ CaUght the WoTlcrS imagination, and a film made in his honor drew CrOWdS・ ShaCkIeton, a Onetime BritiSh merchant-navy OffiCer WhO had got to Within IOO IniIeS Of the SOUth POIe in 1908, Started a business before his 1914 VOyage to make InOney from movie and Stin PhOtOgraPhy・ Frank Hurley, a COnfident and gifted AUStralian PhOtOgraPher WhO knew the AntarCtic, WaS hired to Inake the images, InOSt Of WhiCh have never before been PUbIiShed・ 33・ What do We know about the PhOtOS taken by Hurley?
A・ They Were made IaSt Week B. They ShOWed UnderSea SCenerieS C. They Were found by a Cameraman D・ They recorded a disastrous adventure
34. WhO reached the SOUth POIe first according to the text?
A. Frank HUrIey C. RObert FaICOn SCOtt
B. ErneSt ShaCkIetOn D. CarOline AIeXander
35・ What does AIeXander think WaS the PUrPOSe Of the 1914 voyage?
A. ArtiStiC CreatiOn C. MOney Inaking B. SCientifiC research D・ TreaSUre hunting
33∙ D 34. C 35∙ C
C
The meaning Of SiIenCe VarieS among CUItUral groups・ SiIenCeS may be thoughtful, Or they may be empty When a PerSOn has nothing to say. A SiIenCe in a COnVerSatiOn may also ShOW stubbornness, Or WOrry・ SiIenCe may be VieWed by SOme CUItUral groups as extremely UnCOmfOrtable; therefore attempts Inay be made to fill every gap（间隙）With COnVerSation. PerSOnS in Other CUltUral groups VaIUe SiIenCe and VieW it as necessary for UnderStanding a PerSOnfS needs.
Many NatiVe AIneriCanS VaIUe SiIenCe and feel it is a basic Part Of COmInUniCating among people, just as SOme traditional ChineSe and Thai PerSOnS do. Therefore, When a PerSOn from One Of these CUItUreS is SPeaking and SUddenIy stops, What maybe implied（B音示）is that the PerSOn WantS the IiStener to COnSider What has been Said before COntinUing .In these cultures, SilenCe is a CaIl for reflectio n.
Other CUltUreS may USe SiIenCe in Other ways, PartiCUIarIy When dealing With COnfliCtS among PeOPIe Or in relationships Of PeOPIe With different amounts Of POWe匚 FOr example, Russian, French, and SPaniSh PerSOnS Inay USe SiIenCe to ShOW agreement between PartieS about the topic Under discussion. However, MeXiCanS may USe SiIenCe When instructions are given by a PerSOn in authority rather than be rude to
that PerSOn by arguing With him Or her. In Still another use, PerSOnS in ASian CUltUreS may VieW SiIenCe as a Sign Of respect, PartiCUIarIy to an elder Or a PerSOn in authority・
NUrSeS and Other care-givers need to be aware Of the POSSibIe meanings Of SiIenCe When they COme across the PerSOnal anxiety their PatientS may be experiencing・ NUrSeS ShOUId recognize their OWn PerSOnal and CUltUral COnStrUCtiOn Of SiIenCe SO that a PatienfS SiIenCe is not interrupted too early Or allowed to go On unnecessarily. A nurse WhO UnderStandS the healing（治愈）VaIUe Of SiIenCe Can USe this UnderStanding to assist in the Care Of PatientS from their OWn and from Other cultures.
32. What does the author Say about SiIenCe in COnVerSations?
A. It implies ange匚 B. It PrOmOteS friendship・ C. It is culture-specific. D. It is COntent-based・
33. WhiCh Of the following PeOPIe might regard SiIenCe as a Call for CarefUl thought?
A. The Chinese. B. The French. C. The MeXiCanS・ D. The RUSSians.
34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?
A. Let it COntinUe as the Patient PIeaSeS. B. Break it WhiIe treating patients. C. EVaIUate its harm to patients. D. Make USe Of its healing effects・ 35. What Inay be the best title for the text?
A. SOUnd and SiIenCe
B. What It MeanS to Be SiIent C. SiIenCe to NatiVe AmeriCanS D. SPeeCh IS Silver; SiIenCe IS GOld
32-35 CADB
We may think were a CUltUre that gets rid Of OUr WOrn technology at the first Sight Of SOmething Shiny and new, but a new StUdy ShOWS that We keep USing OUr OId devices（装置）Wen after they go OUt Of Style・ ThafS bad news for the environment 一 and OUr WanetS 一 as these OUtdated devices COnSUme much InOre energy than the newer OneS that do the Same things.
TO figure OUt how much POWer these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her COlleagUeS at the ROCheSter InStitUte Of TeChnOIOgy in
,
NeW YOrk tracked the environmental COStS for each PrOdUCt throughout its Iife 一 from When its InineralS are mined to When We StOP USing the device・ ThiS method PrOVided a readout for how home energy USe has evolved SinCe the early 1990s・ DeViCeS Were grouped by generation 一 DeSktOP computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVS defined 1992. Digital CameraS aιτived On the SCene in 1997・ And MP3 players, Smart PhOnes, and LCD TVS entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers ShOWed UP in 2007.
AS We accumulated InOre devices, however, We didn't throw OUt our OId OneS・\"The IiVing-room television is replaced and gets PIanted in the kids, room, and SUddenIy One day, you have a TV in every room Of the house/ Said One researcher. The average number Of electronic devices rose from four Per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We,re not just keeping these OId devices 一 We COntinUe to USe them・ ACCOrding to the analysis Of Babbitfs team, OId desktop monitors and box TVS With CathOde ray tubes are the WOrSt devices With their energy COnSUmPtiOn and COntribUtiOn to greenhouse gas emissions （排放）InOre than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
SO whats the SOIUtiOn （解决方案）? The teams data OnIy Went UP
,
r
to 2007, but the researchers also explored What WOUId happen if COnSUmerS replaced OId PrOdUCtS With new electronics that SerVe more than One function, SUCh as a tablet for WOrd PrOCeSSing and TV VieWing. They
found that InOre on-demand entertainment VieWing On tablets instead Of TVS and desktop COmPUterS COUld CUt energy COnSUInPtiOn by 44%. 32. What does the author think Of new devices? A. They are environment-friendly. better than the old.
C. They COSt more to USe at home・ Style quickly.
33. Why did Babbitfs team COndUCt the research? A. TO reduce the COSt Of minerals・ B. TO test the Iife CyCIe Of a product. C. TO UPdate COnSUmerS On new technology.
D. TO find OUt electricity COnSUmPtiOn Of the devices. 34. WhiCh Of the following USeS the IeaSt energy? A. The box-set TV. C. The LCD TV. COlnPUte 匚
35 ・ What does the text SUggeSt PeOPIe do about OId electronic devices?
A. StOP USing them. C. UPgrade them・
B・ Take them apart. D. ReCyCIe them・ B. The tablet.
D. The desktop D. They go OUt Of B・ They are no
32-35 ADBA
We've all been there: iιι a Iift in Iine at the bank Or On an
aiιplane, SUITOUnded by PeOPIe WhO are, Iike us, deeply focused On their Smart PhOneS or, worse, StrUggling With the UnCOInfOrtabIe SiIenCe.
WlIafS the problem? IfS POSSibIe that We all IlaVe COmPrOnliSed COnVerSatiOnal intelligence. IFS more IikeIy that none Of US Stalt a COnVerSatiOn because it's awkward and challenging, Or We think ifs annoying and UnneCeSSary・ BUt the next time you find yourself among Stangers, COnSider that SmaIl talk is WOrtll the trouble. EXPertS Say its an invaluable SOCial PraCtiCe that results in big benefits・
DiSnliSSmg Small talk as UninIPOItant is easy, but We Calft forget that deep IelatiOnSIIiPS WOUldnt even exist if it Werent for CaSUal COnVerSation. Snlall talk is the grease（J⅛ 滑剂）for SOCial COmmUniCation, SayS BernardO CardUCci, director Of the ShyneSS ReSearCh InStitUte at Indiana UniVerSity Southeast. H AImOSt every great IOVe StOry and each big business deal begins With Small talk, H he explains. The key to SUCCeSSfUl Small talk is Iearning how to COnneCt With others, not just COmmUniCate With them・ M
In a 2014 study, EliZabeth Dunn, associate PrOfeSSOr Of PSyChOIOgy
at UBC, invited PeOPIe On their Way into a COffee ShOP・ One group WaS asked to Seek OUt an interaction互动）With its waiter; the other, to SPeak OnIy When necessary. The results ShOWed that those WhO Chatted With their SerVer reported SignifiCantIy higher POSitiVe feelings and a better COffee ShOP experience・ H IfS not that talking to the Waiter is
H
,
,
,
better than talking to your husband, ,r SayS Dunn. H BUt interactions With PeriPheraI（边缘的）members Of OUr SOCial network Inatter for OUr well-being also. H
DUnn believes that PeOPIe WhO reach OUt to StrangerS feel a
SigniflCantIy greater SenSe Of belonging, a bond With others. CardUCCi believes developing SUCh a SenSe Of belonging StartS With SInail talk,
μ
Small talk is the basis Of good manners, he says.
μ
32. What PhenOInenOn is described in the first paragraph?
A. AddiCtiOn to Smart PhOneS.
B. InappropHafe behaviors in PUbliC PIaCeS. C. AbSenCe Of COmmUniCatiOn between strangers. D・ Impatience With SIOW service.
33. What is important for SUCCeSSfUl Small talk according to CardUCci?
A. ShOWing good manners・ PeOPIe ・
C. FOCUSing On a topic. deals.
34. What does the COffee-ShOP StUdy SUggeSt about Small talk?
A・ It improves family relationships. E. It IaiSeS people's confidence.
C. It InatterS as much as a formal talk. PeOPIe feel good.
D・ It makes
D・ Making
business
B. Relating to Other
35. What is the best title for the text? A. COnVerSatiOn COUntS
B. WayS Of Making Sman T
32. C 33. B 34. D 35∙ C
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