1 简单句
描述一件事，一主配一谓。
1.1 宾语从句
与补足语的区别是，双宾语为并列关系；
双宾一般有人/物，能同时接人/物的及物动词可以用双宾结构。
1.1.1 宾语从句的时态
1.主句和从句的时态
主句是现在的某种时态，（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，）宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
I know that Helen went to New York yesterday.
2.主句是过去的某种时态，（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态。
Tom told us that he would go to New York next week.
3.宾语从句表示的客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时。
The teacher told the students that the moon goes around the earth.
1.1.2 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序
What is Cathy reading? Do you know?——Do you know what Cathy is reading?
1.1.3 宾语从句的连接/引导词
1. 宾语从句是陈述句时，引导词用that.
I know (that) Helen went to New York yesterday.
有几种情况that是不能省略的
a. 宾语从句的主语是that
Lily told us that that was her favorite toy.
b. 宾语从句中含有主从复合句
John said that if he was free ,he would come and visit us.
c. 两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that都不能省略。
Nick said (that) he would not go to work next week and that he would have a holiday.
2. 含疑问语气的句子构成宾语从句时，用whether或if连接，句尾的标点符号取决于主句。
“Are you free?” Jim asked Bob.——Jim asked Bob if/whether he was free.
3. 宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，连接词就用原来的疑问词，但要用陈述句语序。
“When are you free?” Jim asked Bob.——Jim asked Bob when he was free.
PS.当出现是否，且有or not时，只能用whether.
1.2 直接引语和间接引语
他说：“他是笨蛋。”——直接引语
他说他是笨蛋。——间接引语
He says that he is a fool.转换一下角度，变宾语从句
He said that he was a fool.注意时态和人称
1.3 宾语补足语
补足语用于修饰宾语
This trip is very exciting.
I find Tim’s office very tidy.
Mike found this novel so boring.
1.4 同位语
名词作同位语
My friend, Tim, is a doctor.
短语作同位语
Sally, the tallest girl in class, won game.
直接引语作同位语
The question came to my mind, “What will come next?”
句子作同位语
I heard the news that Sally had won game.
1.5 定语从句
关系词：that/who/whom(只作宾语)
作用：主语、宾语、表语
先行词：人
2 并列句
并列连词，and/but/or
But/yet转折
I ran to the station but missed the bus.并列句独有特点，主语I相同可省略，其他不变
And/both….and/not only…but,,,as well/ not only…but also…/ not only…but…和
They walked into the room and sat down.
The authorities didn’t explain the reasons either.否定用either或neither
Or/either…or…/或者，选择，neither…nor…既不也不
He can neither write nor read.
3 复合句
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