at
介词专题一 常见介词用法 at、by & for
1.at+建筑物(邮局、车站、银行、学校等)在某建筑物(可能在其内或其外面) at the post office/ station/bank在邮局/车站/银行(之内或之外) We're going to meet at the station. 我们将在车站碰面。 注意:
a.城市、国家等则与介词in连用。
in the city/my hometown/the United States 在城市里/我的故乡/美国 There's a famous temple in my hometown. 我的故乡有一座有名的寺庙。
b.若强调“在某建筑物内”则介词仍须使用in。 in the post office/ station/bank在邮局车站/银行里
My husband works in this office building. 我先生在这栋办公大楼上班。
2 . at+人对某人(尤指近距离,常与 yell point、 shout、 laugh等动词连用，此处at表“朝向” ye/ shout at人对某人吼叫/咆哮 laugh at嘲笑某人 point at人指着某人
The man always shouts at his wife when he is angry那个男人生气时总是对他的太太咆哮。 Don't laugh at the poor beggar, Johnny. 约翰尼,不要嘲笑那个可怜的乞丐。
The teacher pointed at him and said, \"I saw you cheat on the test. 老师指着他说:“我看到你考试时作弊。”
3. at与下列名词连用,表“从事某活动” be at work上班,做事 be at church做礼拜 be at school 上学 be at rest 休息
You can go ask the manager now; he's at rest in the lobby你现在可以去问经理;他正在大厅里
休息。
4.at亦与度数/程度/价格/年龄等与数词有关的名词连用 at the price/cost/ expense of+数词以…的价格 at the age of+年龄在……的岁数时 at the speed of+速度以…的速度
I bought the portable CD player at the price of $450.我以450美元的价格买了这台CD随身听。 Sandy had her first child at the age of 32.珊蒂在32岁时生了第一个小孩。 She drove at the speed of 28 miles an hour .她当时以时速28英里的速度开车。
by
1.表“在…之旁”、相当于 beside by the window在窗边 by the door在门边 by my side在我旁边
The woman always sat by the window and stared into the distance. He came over and stood by my side 他走过来站在我旁边。
2.表“凭借”
judge A by B 借由B来评鉴、判断A tell A by B 借由B知道是A
Don't judge a person by his or her looks .不要以貌取人
I can tell by his action that he is a naughty boy.从他的行为我可以判断他是一个调皮的男孩。
3.by与下列表“抓”有关的动词连用,仍表“借由”
catch/grab/ grasp/hold/ seize/take+人+ by the+身体部位或衣物的部分 抓住某人的…… The man seized him by the collar and told him to shut up那个男人抓住他的衣领叫他闭嘴。
注意:此句型中by之后只可接the,不可接所有格
I caught him by the hand(我抓住了他的手。) 不可说 I caught him by his hand.
4.by也可以表“经过”之意 pass by my house walk by my house
I passed by my house and didn't walk in. 我经过家门而没有走进去。
5.by亦表“差距”之意,尤用于下列用法 be older than +A+ by two years. 比某人大两岁 be younger than + A+ by two year. 比某人小两岁 She is older than I by five years. 她比我大5岁。
We beat the other team by two points. 我们以两分之差赢了另一队。
6.by亦表“按照
They sell eggs by thee dozen. 他们论打卖鸡蛋。
by之后置the,再置度量单位名词,如 by the box(论盒)、 by the yard(论码)。 It is five twenty by my watch. 我的表现在是5点20。
7.by亦表“取道”
come back by way of Hong Kong取道香港回来 come back via Hong Kong
We went to Beijing by way of Hong Kong. 我们取道香港前往北京。
8.by亦表“乘坐(交通工具)
come back by bus/train/ship /air/bicycle / motorcycle乘公交车/火车/船/飞机/(骑)自行车/(骑)摩托车回来
He goes to work by taxi every day(他每天乘出租车上班。)
a.以上句型中交通工具不可与冠词或所有格连用。*不可说 by the train、 by a car、 by my
taxib.表“步行”时则应使用“ on foot He came back on foot(他是走路回来的。)
9.by亦用于被动语态,表“被…”be+过去分词+by He was killed by a car. 他被车撞死了。
10.by亦可用于主动语态 by+动名词用通过
He succeeded by working hard. 他通过努力而成功。
The old woman makes a living by selling fruit. 那个老太太以卖水果为生。
11.by+时间最迟不超过某时间
come back by ten=Come back no later than ten. 10点以前要回来。
for
1.与表“动身”之意的动词连用,表“前往(某地)”: set out/ set oft/ depart for+地点 动身前往某地 head for/to+地点 朝某地前进 leave A地for B地 离开A地前往B地
She set out for America last night. 她昨晚动身前往美国。
We headed for/ to the pub after the movie. 看完电影后我们就前往酒吧。 He left Australia for New Zealand yesterday. 他昨天离开澳大利亚前往新西兰。
2.表“为…的目的”
do it for you 为了你做这件事 for the sake of 为了……的缘故
Don't blame him. After all, he did it for you. 不要责怪他。毕竟,他这件事是为你做的。 He does everything for the sake of money. 他做每件事都是为了钱。
3.表“赞成”
be for+事赞成某事= be in favor of+事情 Are you for his idea?
=Are you in favor of his idea? 你赞成他的想法吗?
4.表“为了…的原因”
reward+人+for+事因为某事而奖励某人
The villagers rewarded him for saving the girl(村民报答他救了那位小女孩。)
5.表“当作…”
use A for B 把A当作B使用 take A for B (误)把A当作B
The natives use some insects for food. 那些原住民以些昆虫为食
I took John for a girl because he wears long hair. 我把约翰误当作女孩子,因为他留长发
6.表“找寻” look for.寻找…
The lady wears many hats. She is always hard pressed for time. 那位女士扮演多重角色。她的时间总是不够用。
7.表“持续(一段时间)”
I have learned Japanese for three years
I haven't seen John for a long time for ages.我好长一段时间没见到约翰了。
8.for亦用于下列句型中
It is+非表人之本性或气质的形容词+ for sb to+原形动词 对某人来说(做)…是……的 It is necessary for you to study English(学英语对你来说是有必要的。)
9表“开往(某地点的交通工具)
The fight for Chicago will depart at two twenty. 往芝加哥的班机将在2点30分起飞
10.表“以…价格
I bought the book for only $10. 这本书我10元就买到了。
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