英美国家概况 Britain in and after the Two World Wars

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课程名称 项 目 英语国家概况与文化 The United Kingdom 12英语（4,5,6）班 课题 Britain in and after the 课型 Two World Wars 课 时 2 授课教师 理论 授课班级 授课 2014.03.27 时间 王晓华 专业能力 学习目标 核心能力 British history Britain in and after the Two World Wars 教学对象 分 析 教学方法 Lecturing and Q&A 教学回顾

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教学过程及时间分配 教学内容 Step 1. I. Review Translate the following terms into English. 1. 西班牙舰队 2. 大英帝国 3. 特许公司 Answer the following question in a few sentences. What are the features of the British expansion around the world? Step 2. II．Contents The Fall of the British Empire Twentieth-Century England: Crisis of Identity 1. Edwardian Britain——About Change 2. Britain and World War I A）The Desire for Territory B）The War ——Devastating Losses C）The Peace ——Further Devastation 3. Interlude Between Wars (1919—1939) A) The postwar depression B) The conservative and labor programs C) Post World War I politics D) Formation of the Republic of Eire (Most of Ireland becomes a separate country) E) The British Commonwealth between the wars 4. Britain in World War II’

Step 3 Step 4 A) Move toward war B) Britain in war C) The end of the War D) Effects of the War 5. Britain after World War II A) Reduced military power B) Independence of most Commonwealth countries C) Irish troubles——Tensions and Resolutions D) European Union (EU) ——From isolation to integration E) Changes in the Economy 6. Britain at the start of the 21st century 7. What does it mean to be British? A) Changes in population B) Summary: “ There will always be an England” III. Questions for discussion: 1. What consequences did World War I bring to Britain? 2. Why was Britain involved in World War II? IV. Exercises 1. What are the major eras in British history as phased in terms of ruling royal families? 1) Early Britain Roman Britain: Julius Caesar Anglo-Saxon Britain: King Arthur 2) Medieval Britain: William I: King John: Magna Carta 3) Transition to the Modern Age Henry VII: Henry VIII: Elizabeth I: Charles I: 4) The Age of Empire: Georgian Britain: Industrial Revolution 5) Victorian Britain Queen Victoria:

2. Who were the main foreign invaders of Britain at different times in British history? What contributions have they respectively made to the British culture, or what impacts have they had? 1) Julius Caesar (55BC): Hadrian’s Wall Christianity quietly spread 2) Germanic tribesmen: the Heptarchy Old English 3) Anglo-Saxon rule: Christianity gained hold in Britain. 4) William the Conquor. Feudalism 3. How did feudalism emerge and decline in medieval Britain? 1) Emerge: Feudalism had existed under the Anglo-Saxon Kings. William the Conqueror strengthened the enlarged the system of feudal relations 2) Decline: King John: the Great Charter the Hundred Years’ War Black Death The Wars of the Roses 4. What was the social background for the Reformation to take place in England? What major achievements did the Elizabethan era witness? 1) In the Middle Ages, the Church had gained only material importance… P 28 2) Elizabeth: Putting to rest the religious issues; Reducing the power of the old nobility; Reaching farther than before through trade and adventure; Defeating Armada at sea Cultural and artistic movements (the English Renaissance)

5. In what sense did Tudor Britain serve as a transition to modern times? 1)Henry VII was the first among the monarchs of the House of Tudor that turned England from a Medieval backwater to a powerful Renaissance state in the coming centuries Enclosure Movement: met the needs of the market and trade Exploration: the New World England was on good track to a modern nation state 2)reforming the Church 3) Elizabeth I’s achievements 6. How did the UK parliament come into being? How did the major political parties evolve? P26. 7. How did the English Civil War break out? What were the consequences of the war? The absolute rule of Charles I aroused the resistance of the people and the bourgeoisies. Charles took conteraction. He wanted to arrest Pym, Hampden and three other leaders of the Commons, but he failed to do so. So, he departed for the north, hoping to find supporters in the west and north districts. Thus the Civil War began. Consequences: The King Charles’s arm was defeated. Charles I was beheaded. In 1649, the House of Lords and the office of King were abolished and a Council of State was set to carry the executive work of the government, and England was declared a Commonwealth. 8. How did the English Industrial Revolution proceed from the mid-18th century to the mid-19th century

Step 5 and beyond? How has it impacted British society? 1)The Industrial Revolution in Britain first started in its age-old wool textile industry: A number of inventions and innovations came into being; Overseas, economic temptation involved England into chronic wars__territorial expansion. 2) Impact: Migrant workers stood out as a unitary working class; Britain was powerful to resolve the issue of Ireland; (The Act of Union of 1800) 9. How did Christianity emerge and develop in English society? What role has it played throughout English history? P 24-P25 Christianity quietly spread in Roman Britain For centuries, Christianity had been gaining hold in Britain with monks such as St. Augustine of Canterbury spreading the faith and establishing monasteries. By the end of 7th century, all of the kings of the British Isles were Christianized. 10. What were the distinct features of the Victorian era that made it different from other times? 1) the agenda was increasingly liberal; the widening of the franchise and gradual political reform; 2) In social life, movements for justice, freedom, and other strong moral values occupied an increasing portion of public attention; 3) During Victorian era, the effects of industrialization were fully felt; 4) Constant wars and colonial expansion. V. After-class assignments

Answer the following questions? 1. Prime Minister Thatcher was well known as an “ Iron Lady” both in domestic and international affairs. Could you give some examples to support this label? 2. What’s the current relationship between Hong Kong and Britain? What’s the effect of the return of Hong Kong to China on Britain?