代词: 用来代替名词或名词性短语的词， 大多数代词具有名词和形容词功能。
代词表（一） 人称 第一 人称 第二 人称 单复数 单 数 复 数 单 数 复 数 主 格 I we you you he 第三 人称 复 数
一、人称代词 具有人称，数和主（宾）格 1. 人称代词的基本用法
做主格：用作句子的主语，放在动词前 e.g e.g
We are middle school student. / Does he speak English? Yesterday my mother bought me a new bike. I usually go to movies with her on weekends.
做宾格：用作句子的宾语，放在动词或介词后；
单 数 she it they 宾 格 me us you you him her it them 形容词性 物主代词 my our your your his her its their 名词性 物主代词 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 反身代词 myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself herself itself themselves 2. 几个人称代词连用时的位置关系： 单数： you/ he, she/I 复数： we/you/they
当不好的事时：单数：I and you/ you and he/ I, he and you 复数：they/you/we
e.g
You , he and I are good friends.
These books are for you and me.
3. “she 或he”可以用来表示拟人
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she 指 月亮， 土地， 国家，轮船等
he 指 马， 狗等动物 4. It 的用法
1）it 可代替动物或无生命的事物， 但是若强调动物的性别时也可用she (her); he (him)
Eg: I have a dog. He is my friend.
2）It 可代替时间、天气和距离。
Eg: It’s ten o’clock./It’s not far from here to our school. It’s rainy.
注意： rain/snow 做n., 不能用it做主语。 It’s going to rain./ There was no rain yesterday. It is snowing./ We had much snow last year. 3）用于打电话指人
Hello! It is Tom. 喂，我是汤姆。
4）用作形式主语（宾语）替代动词不定式、动名词、从句 Eg: It is difficult to learn Chinese. It is important learning from others. It happened that Mary found the lost watch. I find it necessary to continue.
5）用于性别不详时，替代婴儿 What a lovely baby! Is it a boy?
6）做“这，那”，指心中不清楚的人或事，或作答 What is it at the door? It’s Jim.
小结： 人称代词填空时的方法（步骤）--四步推断法确定应用形式
第一步：看其后是否有名词，如有则用形容词性物主代词，如无则考虑其余形式； e.g Where does ____ friend come from? A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours
注意：如其后的名词为双宾语中的间接宾语，名词前用宾格。
e.g
Mr. Smith teaches us English.
第二步：看其是否代换了名词词组，如是则用名词性物主代词，如不是则考虑其余三个； e.g This isn’t my pen. _____ is in my pencil case.
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A. I B. Me C. My D. Mine
第三步：看其是否在动词前，如在动词前，则用主格，如在动词后，则考虑剩下的两个； e.g Nancy is much fatter than _____ am. A. I B. me C. my
用宾格。
二、物主代词
1. 形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的区别
adj.物主代词--只能做句子的定语，之后必须带名词；
e.g
This is my book. That’s his book.
n.物主代词--相当于一个名词词组，之后不能带名词（其代换的名词需在前文中出现）；可以做主语、表语、和宾语。
e.g
His book is much newer than mine(= my book).
This is my pen. Yours is on the desk. You may use my pen. I’ll use hers. This book is not his.
2. n.性物主代词可用于“双重所有格”， 用“数词+名词+of+n.性物主代词”
e.g
错：Lucy is a good friend of me. 对：Lucy is a good friend of mine.
e.g Nobody teaches _____ English. She teaches _____.
A. her; her
B. herself; herself C. her; herself
D. herself; her
D. mys
第四步：如在动词后，应考虑其是否同主语人称一致，如一致则用反身代词，如不一致则
3. of + one’s+own 都表示“自己的”“亲自的”，作定语或状语 with+one’s+own+n.
Eg: We saw the strange bird with our own eyes. (作状语) He has a car of his own. (作定语) 4. n.性物主代词作主语时，主谓一致关系：
名词性物主代词作主语时，其后的谓语动词形式应同它所代换的名词形式保持一致。 e.g My shoes are cheap. But his __B___ expensive. A. is B. are C. be D. am
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三、反身代词
反身代词--- 借助self/selves构成， 表示（本人， 本身，亲自） 1. 做动词的宾语
如： enjoy/ teach/ hurt/ introduce/ seat/ dress/ express(表达)/ amuse/behave (表现)/come to oneself 苏醒过来
Eg：She teaches herself English.
They enjoyed themselves yesterday. (had a good time)
做介词的宾语
如： by/ for/to /of等的宾语 for oneself 1)为自己2) 亲自
by oneself 1) 独立地，单独地=without help= alone 2) 亲自 =on one’s own Eg: She looked at herself in the mirror. I can do it by myself!
2. 做主语的同位语 ,加强语气的作用， “亲自”“本身”“本人” The work itself is easy.
3. 放在 be/ feel/ look/ seem 等系动词后， 表示身体或精神状态。 Eg: Jane is not quite herself today.
4. 用在固定词组中
Eg: I want to see the picture myself.
help oneself to sth 随便吃.... make oneself at home 随便些， 不拘束
Don’t upset yourself! 别自寻烦恼。
Make yourself heard/ understood! 使你自己被听到、被理解
Eg: Boys and girls, help yourselves to some fish.
注意： 反身代词的正确写法（单复数的判断）以及所属关系的表示：
（1）在使用反身代词时，应注意根据句中的某些词语推断其单复数形式，并注意其正确写法。
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e.g
Please help _____ to some cakes, children. A. you
B. yourself C. yourselves
D. your
答案为C。因为“help yourself to some…”是一个固定句式（意为“请随便吃点……”），
我们可根据children认定对象为复数。
（2）在说明“某人自己的”时，不能用反身代词加所有格符号表示，而应用“形容词性e.g
错：He drove himself’s car to go camping last Sunday. 对：He drove his own car to go camping last Sunday.
物主代词+own+名词”表示。
四、指示代词
包括 this（这个） 、 that（那个） these（这些）、 those(那些)
1. this/ these 一般指在空间和时间上较近的事物 that/those 只在空间或时间上较远的事物、
Eg: This is a map of China and that is a map of the world. These are for you and those are for me. 2. this/ these 常指后面将要讲到的事物 that/those 指前面已经讲述的事物 Eg: My idea is this.
He felt ill. That is why he didn’t come.
3. 在电话中 this 指打电话的人 that 接电话的一方 Eg: Hello ! This is Bob (speaking).
Who’s that?
4. 指示代词所指的事物第二次提到时， 通常用it/ they Eg: What’s this? It is a bird. (this, it 均指bird) Is that your cap? No, it isn’t.
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五、相互代词
相互 one another 三者及以上 each other 两者
Eg: Do you often write to each other?
They shook hands with one another?
注意： 相互代词变所有格 --直接在后词加上“’s” Eg: They pointed out each othebooks.r’s weak points.
The students can borrow one another’s
六、疑问代词
表示“谁（who），谁 (whom），谁的（whose），什么（what），哪个或哪些 (which）”等词叫疑问代词。
1. What adj. +n ; what 询问职业 n.
Eg: What day was it yesterday? What makes him so happy?
What is she?= What’s her job?= What does she do? 2. Who 与whom （主格）（宾格）
Who 用于询问别人的姓名，身份或关系。 Eg: Who is on duty today?
Who is that girl?
Whom are you talking about? 3. Whose adj. +n n.
Eg: Whose is the desk? It’s mine.
Whose book is this? It’s my book. 4. Which
提出两种或两种以上的可供选择的人或物，从中做出选择，选择其一 adj. +n
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n. Eg: This is mine. Which is yours?
Which would you like, tea or coffee? Which book is more interesting?
注意： 疑问词+ to do Eg: I don’t know how to do it.
What to do next is not decided yet? I can’t decided which one to buy?
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