成长中的话语权利分析——解读马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费
恩历险记》
姓名:刘敏申请学位级别:硕士专业:英语语言文学指导教师:秦明霞
20080601
摘要摘要《哈克贝利・费恩历险记》是马克-吐温最为成功的一部长篇小说,也是美国文学史上公认的经典之作。自出版以来一直受到评论界的关注。《哈克贝利・费恩历险记》中的主人公哈克贝利・费恩也因其不同于以往文学形象而成为美国文学长廊里的一个经典人物。青少年时期是每个人成长必经的关键时期,也是人生旅途的一个重大转折。每个时代都有困扰年轻人成长的不同问题,因此成长就成为一个永远充满新意和活力的文学主题。《哈克贝利・费恩历险记》就是一部经典的成长小说,故事中哈克贝利・费恩的成长过程引起了许多评论家和文学爱好者的关注。本文基于话语权利理论来分析和探讨哈克贝利・费恩的成长过程。根据话语权利理论,控制方享有对被控方的控制权,掌握任何一种权利意味着对话语权的掌握。作为占有绝对社会优势的成人群体享有对儿童群体绝对的话语权。然而,这种话语权也会激起对立方的反抗,因此面对强大的成人话语权,儿童不可避免地采取各种形式来反抗成人世界的话语权,以期建构一套属于自己的话语规则。本书中哈克贝利・费恩处于成长阶段,他强烈感受到来自成人世界的压力,伴随着成长的欲望,他采取逃避、帮助吉姆获得自由等各种方式挑战成人世界的游戏规则,从而实现对现实的改造。然而事实上,因为他的行为超越了主流社会的行为规范和文化秩序,在成人世界的重重压力之下是注定失败的。而他自己也在反抗的过程中认识了这个世界,接受了社会的复杂性和多样性,从天真走向成熟。全文共分六部分,“导论"简要评述了历史上对此作品的评论,同时对论文的主要论点进行了扼要介绍,第一章介绍了作品的相关背景,阐述了成长小说的概念及发展,以及对本文的理论基础一一话语权利理论的介绍。第二章探讨了小说中的成人世界和儿童世界,以及成人话语权对儿童的压制。第三章详细分析了主人公对成人话语权的各种反抗。第四章阐述了主人公的反抗失败以及在反抗过程中跨越了青春期的成长阶段,实现了由儿童到成人的转变。“总结"重述了论文论点。关键词成人儿童话语权利反抗成长AbstractAbstract砒彳咖P咒f讹s矿胁c批6P咧R甩聆isthemoStsuccess如lnovelofM破Twain,a11dclassiciIltheMstoDrofAmericallaliteran玳.ItscharactersoHucldeber巧FiIlnisaclassicfigurein也eAmericallliteraturegalle巧becauseitispreviousliteraryfigures.Ad01escentisaiInpressiVea11danractiVecomparedwithtllekeyperiodWhjcheVeryonehaLstoexperiencein11islife,ad01escentsindi仃erenttimeshaVedi腩rentpuzzlements.Therefore,imtiationisaaliteraD,theme矗J1lofnoVel够andVitalit),foreVer.刀圮彳dVP胛,扰陀s矿月“c尼沱6Pr秒只玎聆isclaLssicinitiationstory.TKsthesis晰llmainlycbjldtoa11ex锄ineaIldanalyzet11eexperienceoftheprotagomst舶maadultintheli曲tofdiscoursepowertheoⅨAccordingtothetheoryofdiscoursepower,discourseswieldpowerfortlloseincha唱e.AnymaSte巧ofaceIrtainmeansofpowermeansamaste巧ofadiscourse.Ho、ⅣeVer,discoursesalsostirupoppositiont0thepower.Therefore,intllefaceofstrongadultdiscourse,thec|1ildreninevitablylaunchattacksagainstitfort11epu印oseofsettinguptheirowndiscourse.BecauseHucueber叫Fi皿isoVerinthegroⅢhstage,hestronglyfeelsthepressureofadundiscoursemechildren.Withthearedesireof目owth,hehaStotakeVarious、张ystorebeltheadultworld.Theserebellionsdoomedt0f.ailunderthepressul.eofadults,becauseMsbehaViorsgobeyondthebehaViorno肌sa11dcultureordersofsocie够Intheprocessofrebellion,Huckleber】眵Fi肌comestoknowmeworld,wmchmakesmminitiateintot11eadulmood.111ethesisisdiVidedinnosixparts.“Introduction”reViewssomecommentsonthenoVelhistoⅨa11dstatesthear目Hnentsofthisthesis“eny.ChapterOnedeals、惦tlltheaback铲oulldofmenoVel,aIldthedefinitiona11ddeVelopmentofi11itiationstories,alsoanalysisofthenovelonbriefthebasisofthediscoursepowert11eoⅨCh印terTwoexploresthetv旧、构rldsint11enoVel…-meoVerchildworldandtheadultworld,indicatingthecontrolofadultThreea11alyzestlleprotagonist’sdiscoursepo、ⅣeragainStchildren.Ch印terV撕ousrebellionsmeadultdiscoursepowerindetail.ChapterFourmailllydisplaysHucUebenyFiIⅡl’sf.ailureofrebellionandhisinitiation.“Conclusion”restatesthear舒lmemofthetllesis.Keywordsadultc11ilddiscoursepo、ⅣerrebellioninitiationII河北大学学位论文独创性声明本人郑重声明:所呈交的学位论文,是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外,论文中不包含其他的研究成果。尽我所知,人已经发表或撰写的研究成果,也不包含为获得河北大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书所使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了致谢。作者签名:』i垒£日期:星塑年—j月上日学位论文使用授权声明本人完全了解河北大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,即:学校有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版,允许论文被查阅和借阅。学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容,可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存论文。本学位论文属于1、保密口,在——年——月——日解密后适用本授权声明。2、不保密∥。(请在以上相应方格内打“√")保护知识产权声明的学位论文,是我个人在导师(象武霞…懒黻……甲为c黼燃抄删,)指导并与喜p;暮作卡最得的研究成果,声明人:甚l鱼£日期:立!!i年i7月上日作者签名:童:l丛日期:c2皇盘.年—五月上日导师签名:日期:—‘卫年彳L日TntroductionIntroductionMarkn试Il,knoWn2LsmeforefatherofmodemaAm甜canliter狐鹏,、) ̄∞te2LsamaIlybooks碱chrenectedtlle加nericansocie啦Asmallyserioushumorista11drealist,eVeniIlsuchaIlcllildren—sto巧、埘ter,hedealt谢thsubjectseVer-1aStiIlgpopularbookaS刃圮彳咖P力f讹s旷协c霓k6P,.秽砌刀.EmestHeming、)哪,inG陀P刀胁伽矿砂地口commentst11isbookasallmodemAm丽canliter狐Jrec锄e舶monebookbyMarkTwaincalled胁硎P6P唧砌玎.砌P么舭门,甜彤s矿乒mc七比6P,.∥R”力tellsW弛around1850,ittal(esplacealongtheboyhood.Huck,sonofnleVillageastoD,abouttlleUnitedStatesbeforeCiviltlleaumorspentmsownMississippi鼬Ver,whered彻出ard,isuneducated,superstitious,andsometimescredulous,andisnotinnuencedbyciVilization.Beca_uSeheisfedupwimⅡlehypo嘶syoftlleadult、vorldandciVilization,hemnsawaya11d,、ⅣitllllisJimmakesacompaIlion,the舢awayslaVeonalonga11df.requemlyinterllJptedVoyagenoatingdownriVerraft.DuI证gtllejoumeyHuckmeetsandcomestoknowmembersofgreatlyVariedgroupswhichreVealst11ecrueltyandhypocrisyoftlleadultworld.Usingtypicalteenageidiomsandcolloqu试expressions,mem盯atortellsmesto巧inthefirstperSon,coIⅣeyingaStrongmoodofsu虢ringanddespairofa11innocentboyattheeVilworld躺undhim.t0CriticiSmofM酞Twaill,s砌e彳咖P”,“聊矿协c舭6P倒凡刀刀relatesessaysor仃eatisesaddressaSpectsofraceahnostall—aroulld印proaches.Co啪tlessaIldslaVeryin“sAmerica’sf.aVoritenoVel;othersdealdirectlywitllwomen,religion,humor,a11dclaLss.BeforeMentiemcent峨earlycriticalco瑚me鹏on砀P彳咖P疗,班s矿胁c耽6P删R门,zareex仃.aordin撕lycontradicto巧;1'wentiemcentuDrcriticismofMarkTwainhaSofAmericancdticism.Thecriticismcentersfollowedthegeneralcoursemostlyongeneralareco删mentssuchaSthe伊eatnessorh啪orofthenoVeluI】枷1920.Well—establishedcriticsWilli锄Archer,B椰ettWendell,AndrewLaIlg,B舢derMatthews,H.L.Mencken,WD.tothe1930’sisHowellsaIldRobertLouisStevenson,etc.ARertheheatofba坩e,thecriticismamongthe1920’smajmyafrected河北大学文’}硕十学何论文bythecultofrealismandofsociaJsignificance.、lanWyckBrooks’s7办PC},'沈口,Q厂』L纪,.七m口伽ofrendsmanyTwain’sdefenderswithhisthesismatT、Ⅳain’smoVetotheEastpreVentsaS11imf硒mreaclling11ispotentiala如llydeVelopedanistandcomments7兹P彳dVP刀f“陀sanwithquiteQ厂协c砒6P删R,z刀aSTheemphaSisa“completeworksofi疵riorqml妒.Ⅲ砀PD砘d,矿^缸以7W口砌bringsarageonofcriticalreaction.deepmeaningsbecomesf瓠hionableinthearetecⅢque,s仇】cture,andlater1930’sand1940’s.Forinstallce,LionelTmling’sa11dT.S.E1iot’sintroductionstheland—markessaysofthisperiod.Trilling’sessaydealsWithmenoVel’sstmctureandreVealst11egreamessofthebookliesinthepoweroftelliIlgthetmtll.E1iotemphasizesthepresenceoftheriVeranddefendstheending.Thecriticismofthe1950’sbringsmllemploymentessaysarefor月沈肘P6P厂∥月切厅.SomanypublishedthatnobodywomddaretoaCcountforallofthem.ThereisatleaStsomeonenthusiaSmeVe巧m勾orheading.Forinstance,GilbertM.Rubenste协’s“TheMoralStmctureofHucklebeqFillll’”硒chardPAd锄s,“TlleU11i够andCoherenceofHucl(1ebenyHuckandFi衄”,LeslieFiedler’s“ComeBacktotheRaR—Ag’in,HuckHoney’’discoVersJiIll’scomradesllipthrou曲11is109icaIlalysis.1111953,LeoM锨、vrote“Mr.E1iot,Mr.justmcationfortheTrilling,砒ldHucHeberryFi眦”whicll,锄ongonotllert11ings,ref.utesmeending.J锄esM.Cox’s“RemarkstheSadInitiationofHucUeberryFinll”defendstheendingofthebook.Themostinnuentialessayofthe‘later1950sisHemyNaShSmim’sintroduction.Usingalite刚rationale,heexpoundsthecon仃2LstbetweenHuckaIldJim’stheshore.矗agilecommunityoutontheriVerandthecomJptedsociet),onD谢ng也e肝i,P,.(1962)by1960s,memostimpressiVeofa11HenryNaShSmith,iIl、Ⅳhichheis^加七晰口砌j历P眈w卸聊P肼矿口thatTwain’sstrugglesaIlaSs眦esa、而terresulted丘。om“acoⅢ1ictbetweentlledominantcultureof王lisdaya11demergentattitudeaLssociated谢thtllevemacularlanguageofnative加nericanhumorists.’’【2JThe1970shaVebeensensitizedtosomemotiforcontexttlleymighthaVeu11dervalued.Contemporar),criticismContiIluesstudiesof1’wain’stodebatet11eissuestllathaVealwaysbeentopicsformostcriticallyacclaimedbook.New协mdsinlitem巧theo巧ha、re2TntroductionproducednewapproachestothenoVelsuchresponsestot11eteXt.nhaSbeenaSmereliabili够oftlleteXt锄dreaders’analyzed舶mtllenewcriticalapproaches:psychoanalyzed,Viewsandmy也ologized.aredeconstrIJcted,rcconstnJCted,examiIledf}omfemiIlistLikemeirEnglishcouI】te印arts,Chinesecriticsalsodiligent锄dVersatileilltheirstudyofMarkTWain.111therecent“ventyyears,essays锄dmaterialsaSsembledinmeseriesdeal、) ̄,imMark6.omTwain’s砌P么咖P,z,“陀s矽胁lc七纪6Pr秒厅册舶msuchasmanyperspectiVes:someLaIldi11缸1eLiusubjectsZhaIlgLon曲ai’s“CommemonThe硒Verand吐leasAdveI舭sofHucl(1ebenyFi皿’’【3】,some舶minitShumorand1anguagesuchAdventuresofHucl(1ebenyYon西ie,‘‘ATentativeAnalysisof五rommythologicalandColloquialismnleFi衄,’【4】,somearche够palapproacheslikeZhaoHuizhen’s‘‘Applic“onoftheArchetypeofNoall’sArkiIlaLsmeAmericallNovels’,【51,marlyalsofbomNewCriticismsuchDaiLin’s‘‘ANewCriticalReadingofTheAdventl】resofHuc瑚eberDrFinn’,【61,somef如maSmoralthemesChengXin’s‘‘OnHuck’sUtilita订anMomli够’,【71,ect.courseIn1940s,theproblemsintheoftheadolescentgro、访ngupinAmericanliteraturesoattracted也ea_ttentionofAmedcanscholarS,aIld1iterar)rworkssprungup.Adolescenceisathestudyontllein“iationtllememkeyperiodWhjcheVeryonehast0experienceintheir1ife;adolescentsindifj陆remtimeshavedi缳:rentp啦呓lementS;andthetimeproVidesdi成rentspiritofdi毹rentttlinkingandapproachforpeopletof.ace也eadi腩rentpuzzlement.Therefore,illitiationiscriticismonl“era巧t11ememnofnoVel够a11dVitalit),foreVer,a11d、vorksaIlditcallhelprecogmzeandguidet11egro、) ̄,ing-upoftheaadolescent.And‘‘砌Psto巧iIlas4舭聍f甜地s矿胁lc克k6P,I秽砌刀isi11itiationgenerallyacl(110wledgedclaSsici11itiationAmericaIl1iteratllre.’’【81NallcyWalkerh弱eversaidthattllisnovelshouldbeclaSsifiedstories,for‘蚀en0VeltracesthedeVelopmentofHucHeberr)ranFi皿’smoralconceptaIlddisplaysa仃aditionalprocessofdeVelopmentofadolescent行omi皿ocencetomanlri吼’,【9】E砌yin1954,JalllesCox’s黜m甜鼢D玎扔e鼬d觑豇缸f幻n矿胁c舭6P唧R玎珂onmentionedthetheme.TherehaVebeenmanystudiestheimtiationthemeintllisbooksof犯SomerelatedHuck’si11itiationjo啪ey、析thprimitiVei11itiationritesbyexertingthea11theo巧ofcollectiVeuncoIlScious,andclaimedthatinitiationritewaSthearchetypal3河北人学文学硕十学伊论文stmcnlreofmesuchsto够AndthisworkwaSsometimescompared埘thotherinitiationstoriesaS彳PD厂抛打Q厂砌P彳,.加r傩口场“馏^纪玎aJld砌eC口,cJlzPr加f加砂P.T11isthesisaimstoemployanewperspectiVetoprobeimothethemeofthenoVel.111atistosay,tllet11esis、访UmailllyobserVetheexperienceof也eprotagoIlistf如madolescenttoanadultinthe1ightofdiscoursepowertheoⅨanne晰thaprotagoIlist,Hucl(1ebenyFinll’isstrongdesiret0intelligenta11di衄ocentoutyoullgperson,who,Verybeindependent,findsKmselftoexplorehisrealaofproportionwithtllematerialiSticandViciousreali够a11dattemptsoftllebooksel£Inthissense,thetllemeconcemsnotomy也epain如l蛐mggleofrealselfintheyoungmallwitlltheadultworld,butisaIlalsotlleexplorationofone’sreali吼TMsa11cient,yetetemalmotifof1iteratllreworks.Accordingtot11etheoD,ofdiscoursepower,discourseswieldpowerfort110seincharge.AnymasteUofacen2LinmeansofpowermeansTherefore,tlleadults,beinganamaSte巧ofadiscollrse.oVe刑helmingadV觚协geousonsoci2LlgroupineVe巧aSpectofsocie劬undoubtedlyemerges:ontheonepossesspredoIllinantconnDlhand,Hucl(1ebenyoVertllecllildren.Thusthecontradictiontlleniceandpurecllildren’sFi衄cherishesworld,mockingalldcastingdouMphysicalmaturit),a11dconsciouslyort11emlesoftheadultworld;ontheomerhalld,with11isSeekforahisattemptt0positioniIlreali吼hegmduallyenters,unconsciously,intoadulthood,a11dwinbecomepartoftheadultworld,wmchhehatesanddetestseno珊ously.ThisconnictbetweenthecllildrenworldaIldtheadultworldleadstoMsrebellionagainSt也eadult、Ⅳorld.Thus,HucHeber巧FinIl’srebellionreflectSllischallengeagaillStt11eadultdiscoursea11d11is蛐∞ngdesiret0establishanewmoralcodeofcKldren’sowIl,i.e.cmlddiscourse,butbecauseoftlleadolescemphaseinwhichheis,heisalsoaVictimofmesocialdiscoursepo、ver,so11isrebellionisdoomedtobeafailure.Duringadult.thjsprocesshegetsbetIerul】【derS协dingoft11eca翻yStworldaIldknowstllereSponsibil时嬲aIlSo场srebelIionmmsoutt0bethetohisenteringintomeadult、vorld.111istllesisisgoingtodiscusstheentireprocessofmsrebellionagainst,andllisfailureofrebellionagainstmeadultworld.Anditwillexplainmsinitiationgetat0adultlloodduringtheprocess诵t11hopetobetter岫derstalldingofmebookandacceleratethestudiesiIlt1:lisfield.4ChapterOne:T,heoreticalBaSisandInitiationThemeAnalj7sisChapterOne:TheoreticalBasisandInitiationThemeAnalysis砌P彳咖P刀,“船矿正mc克,P6P,.砂只甩ndi讯:renthaLsrichcallco蚰ota【tio玛sot11eremaybemaIlyperSpectiVes台omW址chitsthemesbene印reted,forinstaIlce,廿leconflictbe觚eenciVilizationa11dn£lmre,thecrimesofslaVery'superStitioIl'etc.Andt11e诚tiationeXp嘶enceofa11adolescentisalsooneofitstll锄es.nlentllischa讲er淅Ua112Llyzet11eplotalldthewMchexpressest11e“tiationtherne,accordingtothedefillitionsof诚tiationstoriestlleoIyofdiscoufsepowerrespec惦Vely.1.1BackgroundandPublicationof7泛口彳‘如P刀f比,℃sFinn1KsnoVelisbased0nq厂Jfj阮c足艮易P,j秒Am嘶callpre・CiVilW缸era(1820_1860,0rthe“antebellumyears”)W陆ch、张re锄ongchangesthattookplaceaSthemostchaoticiIlAmericanhistory—-atimeofsigllificalltmeUnitedstatesc锄eofage.Duringtheseyears,thenationwaS仃{msfo珊edf如manmlderdeVelopednationoff.踟ersa11d行ontierSmenintoanu|.banizedeconomicpowerhouSe,andeVenAm硪ca谢mitS伊eatnationalf.aultswaS免UofViolence锄dcmel够Thebookhasbeenbanned疔omtiInet0time,beginIling晰mitSpublicationina1885.乃P么西懈挖rm℃sQ厂而肌&n化妒厂waspublishedinl876,wllichcreatedcompellingm”hof也eendlesssummerofcKldhoodpleaSuresmixed、ⅣitheXcitementsaIldtemrs.Then7砑Pon彳舭门fz胛s旷胁纪七彪6P,.砂砌疗costMarkⅡleideaoftlleloStboyhood,氨MHuckisTwain8yearstofiIlishin1884,whichplaysat吐lemomentofjustgro丽ngintoaadulthood,justacomingintocontactwitll也ewaytherealworldoperates:heisbecomingchild.Thena玎ativeme也odreaJmanoutofof观彳办e玎f“坨s矽胁c娩6e删R册isgreatestmefirstpersonnan.ation锄dtllenovelisconsidered1、vain’stheacllieVement.砌P彳咖P,2,“坨sQ厂an:thea胁c砒6e,∥R朋displayspointofView'withitsm萄oracllieVementsofreVeaJedTw池’scare触lycontrolledilllplicit的血esthrou曲theVoiceofsemiliterateboy;memaSter如lemplo”nentofdialectS;thefelicitousba_laIlcingofnostalgicromanticismand5河北大学文学硕十学何论文realism;h啪orservesaSandpathos;irulocenceaIldeVil...alluIlitedforajo啪eydowntheriVerthatthem”KccentreofmeWholenoVel,whichdisplaysmsa_bilit),tocreatethecap恤retheenduring,archetypal,m”mcimagesofAmericaandtomoStmemorablecharacterSinallofAmericanliteranlre.Andthei11itiationfictioniscommented1ikethis:“The够picaJmotifinT饥ain’sfictionismem盯ationofwhichthemaincharacterwaSanaStorybyayoungtoornaiVepersonorasto巧inbyeastemeruIlaccuStomedf而ntierlifeaIldout晰ttedwestemers.Whenhewrote行’omagebutretainedaJlayouth’sperspectiVe,theyouthwasusuallywisebeyondhisidealismWhjchtheauthorcon仃asted诵ththehypocrisyandcrueltyofthesenseadult、vorld.Undemeatllthegoldenhazeofboyh00dthereliest11eofeVilanddisaster.IIl乃maIld胁』c屯hecreatescharactersso印pealingthattheyhaVebecomepanofAmericanmythology”.【10】111isbook’s‘‘unpretentious,c0110quial,yetpoeticst),le,itswide.r觚gedhumor,itsembodhentoftheenduringa11duIliVersallysharedadre锄ofperf.eCti衄ocenceandW打Mississippi、厂alleyhaVetlleworld.Actually,mally行eedom,itsrecordingofVallishedwayoflifeinthepre-CiVilmoVedmillionsofpeopleofallagesalldconditions,a11dalloVerf-锄ousAmericaIlwTiterslatereulogizedaS:“A1lofmeMarkn忸ina11dhisgreatestwork砌P么咖P胛,讹s矿VaSt“and胁c射P6P厂砂厅聆”,suchE锄estoneTwain’sbeStwork…grewoutoft11ete玎ito巧westoftlleMississippiW11ichwaSrapidlybecoIIlingthe仇lecemerofthenation.Heming、vaydeclares,谢thTwainpardonablehyperbole:‘Allmodemliteran鹏comes舶mb00kbyMarkcalled协c肌6P删只”‰.it’smethat.,,’【ll】P178And“Twain’sbestbookwe’Vehad.AUAmericaIl、厕tingc锄e舶mclosest衔end,Willi锄DeaIlHowells,spea虹ngofhissu巧ectmatteraSwellaus11islaIlguage,saidmoreaccurately:‘Emerson,Longfellow,Lo、Ⅳell,Holmes—Icritics,【mmorists;they、Ⅳerel像eoneknewthemalltllerestofoursages,poets,seers,likeotherlitera巧men;butClemenssole,inaIlother锄d78comparable,meLincolnofourLiteranlre.,,,【1l】P11.2InitiationStoriesnleindiVidual’sdeVelopmentbeenatowardsmatud够tbroughconf如ntation谢ththe、Ⅳ0rldhaSsubjectofendudnginterestin1itera臼lre.The、Ⅳord“initiation,’originatedf.romaa11throp0109y【121.ItreferSt0,aRerseriesofhardshipsandorde村s,t王1ead01escentobtailliIlg6ChapterOne:T11eoreticalBasisandInitiationT11emeAnal、7sistllelifeindependently,andaretheknowledge,abili锣andconfidencet11eref.oreenteringatofacethesociet),锄dnewstageoflif}一adulthood.ThesehardshipsandordealsoRensomebndsofceremonies.EspeciallyinprimitiVetribes,、ⅣhenboyscomeexperienceS0meordealaSontocertainage,t11eymusttheirbodiesinordert0beacceptedaSadultsbyt11eirsocie吼suchacu_ttingsomepartoft11eirbodies,catchingandkiUinganimals,andcompletinga11t2LskwhichusuallyoIllVadultcan.【13】aAni11itiationsto巧isstoD,WhoseoVera】lplotisconcemed诵tllp叭ingt11eprotagollistthmughap砸icularsortofexperience…i11itiationint0sometmngforwbjchms/llerpreViousexperienCehadnotpreparedhim触r.InGemlaIl,t11etem蠡wanovelthatexKbitsthishndofplot,isBildungsroman~anovelofeducation,or“formation”.TheideaistllatthecharacterwithwhomcourseouridentificationissolicitedisfIorced,bytllewayheororSheencoullterSint11edi妇陪rentperson,’’oft11eaction,t0“ref0册ulate”himselfhersel£t0become“ausually(butnotnecessadly)someonemorecomplicated,morecomprehensiVe,witll谢derorViews.Stories(shorti11Ilocence.”111eyconditionslong)iIlfocuSwhichhappenoncallthusbedescribedaLs删ngupon“lossofoRenc11ildrenoradolescents.ButsinCethepossibili够a11dof如nd锄entalclmgecaIlisinterestingincoIlIlectionwithpeoplei11middlea11doldasage弱well,iIlitiationstorieswilljustwellinp血cipleinV01Veadults.MallyiIlitiationplotspresentaSantI朋.onall印iphally,ahhou曲notalldo,andanotallplotsthatsotumonepiphanygradualori11itiationstory.ThechangetunlonaIlyprotagoniStu11de略oesmaybeonsubtlenottodefinitemomentofreVelationitisthetheprotagonist’spart.ConVerSely,anepiphallicinVolVeamoment(whenprotagonist’s)maysuddeninsi曲timot11eprotagonist’ssituationmatdoesnotresultintheprotagoniSt’su11de略oingachaIlgeofcharacter.IIlAmericanoVer1ite咖re,adolescentliter狐聆,inVolViIlgch绷lcterS舶mthineent0alittlet、Ⅳen吼isi11d印endentofarec11ildren’sliteranlre}.0bjectiVelyspeaking,adolescentSoutlook,andalsoainthjsperiodinakeys位喀etofIo册tlleir、Ⅳorlddynanlicstagein“ndandpsychology-Inthispe订od,moStadolescentsbegintoencoumertheimpoIrtantproblemsinlife,suchone2Lsnanlre,s9cie咄identi吼life,money,a11darelove.ObViously,t11eproblemofimtiationiscanoftllethemeswhichnot乏Lble白obeavoidedinadolescentliterature.Itbesaidthat7河北大学文学硕十学伊论文i11itiationStoriesareanimponantpanofadolescentliterature,buttllescopeofadolescentliteranJreisbv√f打broadermant11atofinitiationstories.Inshon,a11imtiationstoryhasathemeofnarratingthecourseofone’s伊owing-up;ittellstheexperiencesoft11echaracter;throughthenarratiVeaboutoneormorechauracterS’experiencesofgrowing-up,itrenectsthecourseofchaJlging矗om证unat嘶t),tomacuI-i够inmindalldpsychologyofthecharacters.1.3DiscoursePowerTheoryandInitiationThemeAnaIysisDiscoursea11alysisisacross-disciplinarymethodofinquiⅨⅥ,hichstudiesthes仃uctuI’esoftextsandconsidersboththeirlinguisticandsocioculturaldimensionsiIlordertodete肌inehowmeallingisconstructed.111theAnglo-Americancontext,discourSeanaJysisconcentrateson谢ousfonnsoforalcoI砌u11ication(eve巧dayconvefs“0n,Speechacts,a11dtalk)fo册anintemationaJandethno—method0109icalperspectiVe,andinVestigateshowpowera11dauthori够aredistribmedinVerbalexchallge.TllleFrenchs仃e锄ofdiscourseaIlalysis,f01lowingtheworksofMichelFoucault,Louis砧thusser,a11dMikhailBakhtin,constitutesitsobjectVerydi艉rently,concentratingla略elyon、丽ttenmat耐alinitsinstitutional,sociala11dpoliticalcontext.DiscourseanalysisemploysthemethodsdeVelopedinareaSsuchaScontentallaJysis,na玎atologyaIldtextualseInioticstope肌itstudiesofa11maIlifIe删ionsofdiscoursei11eVeDrdaylife.DiscourSeanalysistheo拶proposest11atrelationsofpowerinoursociet)r甜f-ectandshapet11eVe巧waywebothcommunicate诵meachotherandcreateknowledge.Morerecentworkindiscoursea11alysiso、vesasi印ificaIltdebttoFoucault’sworkondenuIlciatiVea11aJysis,theunitiesofdiscowse,a11ddiscursiVefIo加ationsetoutin彳彤Ji2口PD,D∥矿玉锄Dw彪姆andD础坶矽D括cD“糟P,aIldtollismaIlyworks、)l棚chexplorethearticulationofl(nowledgeaIldpowerindiscourse.EVenitcouldbesaidthatitisMichelFoucaultwhoreallalyzessocial.histolIicalrelationsllipbymixingdiscourseandpower.AsFoucaultcontinuedtoeXploretlle1iIll(be似eenlallguageandsoci奶,,11isemphausiss11iRedf.romt11eabstracts仇】cturalparallelsoftheepiStemetothespecificsocialritllalst11atdeteminewhogetstosaywhattowhom.TheaIlaJysisoflanguageatmisconcrete,materialleVelofdiscourse、Ⅳastemed‘archaeolog),’andiIl彳阳厅口PD,D∥Q厂硒20w彪咖,Foucault8ChapterOne:TheoreticalBaSisandInitiationT11emeAnal、’sisdesc曲edmeamyofinStitutionalacons讹nsaIldpoliticalpracticestllatregulatedi疵rentfonnsofdiscourseof1inkparticularfieldtot11eexerciseofpoweriIlsocie锣硒awhole.11lisbe帆eenpoweraIldknowledge,Foucaultclaimed,characterizesmedisciplina巧characterofallmodempoliticalorganizatiollS.【14胂InD括c咖,伽P口胛dP“6,括办,FoucaultarguedthattlledisciplinarytechniquesunderlyingeVenthedeVelopmentoftllemodemprisonpenradecontemporarysociet)randgoVemtlleminutedetailsofeVer)rday1ife.111is‘micro—physicsofpo、Ⅳer’reachespastt11elimitsof1awaIldrepressiona曲uallyt0producetlleindiVidual髂asubjectiIl,嬲wellaSsubjectto,tlledisciplina巧mechanismofthestate.Powert11usregulatesintimaterecessesnotonlyspeechbutalsomemostgroupof也espeaker’s‘self’.RamermanbeingsomemingthatindiViduals,howeVer,powerisforFoucaultasaonepossessesoruSesoVerne觚orkofrelationstllatencompassestllerulerSw11ileFoucaultweU懿t110setheymleinaaVaustwebofdiscourse,localacoⅢ1ict.Sofew'healsocanr甸ectedt11enotionofnosingle,cen仃alizedpoweriIlthehandsofconcludedthatthereisexercisedescape.oreVenoutsideofpower,nodisengagedpointf如mw11ichpowerthebegcudied谢t110utimplicatingsubjectint11eVe巧forcesheorshe、vouldCombingFoucault’side嬲,itcaIlbee撕lyaconcludedtllatallhumanknowledgeisdiscourseacquiredbydiscourse.The、ⅣorldaIldmallisof。arerelationship.Histo巧a11dcultureinfIaCtcon蛐mctedbyAdiscoursehereisv撕ousadiscourses.asoci2LllanguagecreatedbypanicularculturalconditionsataIlditexpressesapaniculartimeandplace,panicularwayofu11derSt2mdinghumaIlideolog),butdiscourseexperience.Andthediscourseisoftenusedinterchangeably晰mdrawsmoreattentiontotheroleoflaIlguage瓠tlleVehicleofideology.AccordingtonewllistodcalperspectiVe,nodiscourSesocialpoweLForthereisisnonocaIladequatelyexplainthecomplexcultur2Llofandyn锄icsofmonolithic(single,uI】jfied,uIliVerSal)spiritlliSto巧(anexplanationage,a11dthereadeq嘶etotalizingaexplanationofthatproVidessinglekeytoanaLspectsoftheyaregiVenculture).Thereaisinstead,adynamic,ul_lstable缸e印lay锄ongdiscourse:onealwaysinmatterofnux,oVerlappingandcompeting谢tha110ther(ortouSe9河北大学文学硕十学位论文new11iStoricismte肌s,negotiatingexchangesofnopower)inanyn啪berofwaysatanygiVenpointintime.AsFoucaultputs‘ThereispowerrelationwithoutthecollrelatiVeconstitutionnotpresupposeandconStinneatofafieldofknowledge,nora11yknowledgethatdoestimepowermes锄erelations’115】P35.discourseisFuIthe肌ore,110pemanem.Discourse、析eldspowerforthoseincha玛e,buttheyalsostimulateoppositiontotllatpo、Ⅳer.Inotherwords,thekeyfortheexistenceofpowerrelationsllipliesint11eexistenceofVariousresistantpoints.Foucaultinsistsmatexerciseofpower‘definei肌umerablepointsofcon厅ontation,forcesofofaniIlstabili吼eachofwKchhasitsownrisksofpo、Verrelations’【15】P3connict,of咖ggles,andcanatleasttemporaryinVersionoftlle19.111isaCcountforwhynew11istoricismbelievest11atrelationshipbet、ⅣeenindiVidualidentit)randsociet)rismulmallyconstitlltiVe;onthewhole,hⅦmanbeingsareneVermerelyVictimsofanoppressiVesocie够fortheycanfindV撕ouswayst0opposeauthorityintheirpersonalandpublicliVes.Accordingtodiscoursepower也eoD,,discoursea11dpowerareconstnJctedintlleas锄e、Ⅳay…锄ymaste巧ofacenainmeaIlsofpowermeansaamaSte巧ofdiscourse.FrommepointofViewofdiscoursepower,discourseisf0珊ofapower-Powerexpressesitselfdi虢rentleVels.Respondingbypower,whichto“s,sub武ssioncaniscommonfo舯ofexpressionof恤controlledbefoundinmonarchy—to—themled,caJlcitizen-to・state,child-to—parentsandstudents-to—teachers.Theref.ore,itabeconcludedthattlleaduh,beingsocialgroup,haSpo、veroVertllecllild.IIlotherspe矗I(ing,t11eadultpossessespredominalltarediscoursecontrolillsociet),whilethechildrenreducedtoastateofignorallce.AsLe冰e州tessu虢ri11a11anicletitledaS舭幽f胁阴≥&”,哪:“…meenslaVementthat惋c11ildren6】ishorrible.Beforetheirbirth,t11eenslaVementhaSbegununtiltheyhaVegrownupt0beparents.Inotherwords,t量leybecomeoppressorst0enslavet11enextgeneration.,,【1111estoryof砀P彳舭刀,靴sQ厂协c批6P删而研issu旋rs蜀的maboutaboyhoVeringbe似een似oworlds…-theinnoceIltandperf-ectworldofthechildandtheugly;materialisticandcon-uptedworldoftlleadult.TheyoungmanStmgglesVailllymephonillessillt11ecom叩tedsociet),a11daust0findawayout.HuckFiImhimseleThompsonperceiVes,isaIlAmericanChapterOne:neoreticalB2LSisandInitiationnemeAnal>’sisVersionofVoyage【17】P134onaHomericfigureaIld“inthat晰1d,youmml,impossibleMississippi…船sumessensesOdyssey,t11erecordofllisa觚lraRdowntlles仃onginamanllerepicproponioIls.”Hucktlleprotagomstoftllenovel,acutelycant11einnuenceofttleadultworldup(mbim,yetthereislitcleheordert0seekadotochallgemereality.Thenheescaples行omt11eadult、Ⅳorldi11benerlife.DuringmsadVentllrealongtheMississippiriVer,heexperiencesandwi廿lesses,tomsgreatdisappointrllent,morcweirdnessaIldcormptionoftheadultwodd,andgetsbetterunderStandingoftheworld.RealizingthatitisiIleVitableforhimtoadult,andthathemustbecome觚re嘶totllereali吼conclusion舶mboyhoodt0maIllloodintllenoVelshowsnlepower向ladultworldandhisThewholeprocessofllisiIldeedtheprotagoIlist’s、Ⅳar谢tlle筋rttochallengetheadultdiscoursewmchistheautllorit)roftheconnictsocie够ThearenoVelindicatesthatt11ereistllebe觚eenadultsandchildren.Adultsnoalwaysthebossesofmec11ildrenaIldthatt0cKldrenoughttodotlleirbiddingcMldrenacceptthemlesoftheirmatterhowpreposterouSitis.They仃ysensemakethesenseg锄es,forex锄ple:t11eofrighta11d、Ⅳron&a11dofpersonalself:wonh,andbecomethegoodboysinmeiruncoIlsciouslyi11fluenced、) ̄,hoareeyes.nechildisconsciously0rbytllediscourses:slaveⅨmaterialism,趾dl(110wledge.Cllildrenu11dermeco肭旧lo九hediscipliI卿practicesare诵llingareencouragedt0缸ll(einallofthesecodesofconductaSaninte鲈alpartoftheirlife.Throughtllemanipulationoftlledisciplina巧t0practices,adultsbelieVetllatchildrenwhobal(edint0acceptthecodesofconducttllemt0canbegrace如lshapesthatt11eirsocie哆晰shestotaket0be.f18】P35Undersuchcircumstance,theprotagoIliSt,Huckiscompelledhehopestoseekesca枷sma11drebellion,bywKchbalance锄idinitiatingthe伯帕worlds一-thatistosay,hecanmaintain也einnocenceofthecmldrenwhileHuckintot11eadulthood.Beinga“misfit,,intheeyesofmanyValuespeople,cons伽1tlychallengedmeest2lblishedthea11dotherbehaVioralpanen垮.HeisadultdiscourSeintosetupfkquentlyatodds淅thsocie劬especiallymeoVe州hehnin91ypower允l1850s.He、vaIltstobreakan啪u曲mleconstmctedbytheadultdiscoursepowera11dsetofdiscourseofllisowns0舔t0仃ansfo衄tlle‘‘phony’’a11d‘‘pretentious’’wo订d.Hisrebellionisclearlyembodiedi1111isbehaVior,foreX锄pleKsescape,llis衔endsllip谢thJim,ll河北大学文学硕十学何论文etc.Butmatterwhat虹ndofformhetakes,itisdoomedtoendinfailure,becausethenoch订dren’sworldisdi虢rentf.romt11eadultworld,2uldchildren’svoiceisacceptthetoofainttochangeaIl”lling.neymuStle锄tomuStactinreal埘andacceptsocialcomplex埘anddiVersi吼andnomswimin也escopeoftheordersetupbytlleline谢mthesocialandcmtu】raladults.Attheendoft11estoⅨHuckrenlmstotheadultworldasthebegi衄ingofmenoVel.HoweVer'du“ngⅡlisprocess,Huckbecomesmaturea11dpreparesweUt0entertheadulthood.HisadVentureontheriVeracquaintshimtow池VariouseVilsaIldcrueltiesofhumalll【ind.Heinitiallyneesconstraintsofadultsomy如Uofviolence,murder,bittemessfindtheadultworldaJongtheMississippiallthesearea11d骶aCherousness.Sosotobeseeni11ther印resentatiVeepisodesmat印itomizeamuchof山nericanciVilizationaStheyuIlfoldbef.ore9】P26HisjoumeyHuckandenablesmmhaVeisabetteruIlderstandillgoftherealadultsocie吼11processofregenerationthrou曲s印aration.WhenHuckstrugglesonfinally诵thmsofconscienceanddecidestogotohellinordertohelpJim,heisgtandingthe缸esholdsensemanlri吼HegetStol(nowtheresponsibilit)rofaIladultandaCquirest11eabilitytotllerightandwrong.ChapterTu70:TheAdultWorldandTheChiIdWorldChapterTwo:TheAdultWorldandTheChildWorldTheimagesOfchildl.enandadoIescenthauntgreatAmericanworI心asan咖intendedsymbolicconfessionoftheinadequacywesensebutcaⅡnotremedy.-Fielder.AnEndtoInnocenceIn协c肼P6P厂秒F加疗,Huck’sraRtllatnoatsdo、VntheMississippiIUVertogetller州thme11lnawayslaVe,Jim,presentsamoVingpallor锄afortlleexplorationoftheAmericaIlsocie何Int11enoVel,MarkT、ⅣajnridiculesandcriticizestheValuesa11dconVentioIlSoft11eAmericaIlsocie哆bythecontraStbet、) ̄reenchildren’s岫ocenceandadults’vice.AniIldiVid陋lsaret11eproductoft11esoci呶asaconsequenceofWh地childrenlosetheirinIlocenceaS协ey伊owolder.2.1TheInnocenceofTheChildWorldChildrenshouldberespectedmost..ⅣD如砌a玎,砀PP彪伽”陀s矽C办f?砒”墨£f幼.口f”陀I姐ocenceissuchapreciousgiR,wllich历P^庇阿而册一耽6s,盯D七,面,z口,),definesaS五ree舶mguiltorsinthrou曲being吼acq谢nted、) ̄,ithevil.【19】P16Irulocenceischauracteristicofmec11ildren.Thesimplicitiesoftheher0’sinllocenceinAmericallfiction,“ri曲tlyorwrongly,haVebeenident讯ed谢thVisioIiinAmerica.”Thehero’sinnocencei11modemAmericanfiction“doesnotmerelyreVertt0tllosesimplicities,”butrather,‘‘isapropen),ofthemy衄cAmericallSeleperhapsofeVerya11arcmcSelf.nistheinnocenceofaSelfthatre如sestoaccepttheimmitigablemleofreali妒’【201P65.InSpiteofthef.actmattllesocie哆exenSaIliIllperceptibleinfluenceonc11ildren’sthinJ(ing,comparedwitlladults,cllildrenareimlocentandpul.e,haVingtheirown109icofminking.111thisnoVel,manyscenespresentmereadersaIl砒ocentaIldloVelyboy.Atthefirstch印ter,whenHuckgetstiredofWjdowDou91aS’s“siVilization”,hesays:“whenIcouldn’tstallditnolongerIlitout.IgotintomyoldragsaJldmysugar-hogsheadagain,a11dwaSfIreea11dsatisfied’,12l】P1.nlatistherealvoiceofc11ildren、Ⅳholovena:tl】reand河北大学文学硕十学何论文厅eedom,andwantt0getridoftherestrictionf.romtheadults.Childrentakealmostnotllingseriously;theworldisordertosostrangetothem.111Chapter3,inantesti矽、ⅣhatTomnonesaysaboutmyth,hegetsofthegelliesa1101dtinlampaIldloVelyboy!ironring,andmbsittillhes、Ⅳeats,butChildren1ikecomes.WhataadVer曲res,aIldmeyhaVetheherocomplexes,soHucktal(espaninTom’sbandofrobbers、vhoplalltorobpeopleaIld“虹ll”them.BesidestheseHuck’sinnocenceismostlyarenectedinaLsahisquickandirnmediateasympathyforotllers.AtmecircuS,Whenride011lyonaclowndisguisesdmnkandtal(esprecariousprancinghorse,t11eaudienceslau曲2uldt010Vetheexcitemema11ddanger.Huckistheaonefeelingmiserable:“Itwarll’tfmmyme,tllough;1waSallofontrembletoseeIlisdanger,’【21】P203.LeaVingtlleattemptedmurdersHuckfirstmiIll(sofgettingsomeonetoevenrescuethewreckedste锄boat“WalterSco仃’,them,forheconsiders“howdread向litwaS,formurders,tobeinsuchafix’,【21】P98.WhenHuckrealizesthat也ethreemurdersontlledrownedtodeath.1lisheartsilll蹬:“IfeltawreckedSte锄boathavebeen1inlebitHuck’sheavy-heanedaboutthegaIlg’,【2l】P102.EvenⅡle铆oadespicables晰ndlers谢nsympa_t11ywhenHuckruIlsintomobthatca而esmelQnga11dtheDukeoutofthetownonarail.HuckisincapableofhardeIlingllishearttotheirplight.Hesays:“1wassorryforthempoorpitimlrascals,itseemedlikeIcouldn’t、Ⅳ0rld’’【21】P315Becauseofchildren’seVeraIlyllardnessagainstmemaIlymoreiIlthei肌ocence,t11eydonotunderstaIldtheadults’behaVior,instinCtivelytheywantt0rebeltlleadultS’autllori够2.2TheAdultWorldinChild’sEyesourAswitheVeryimportantlossweneedtomourn—eVenneedtomournend.bef.orewecanchildhood’sbeemotionallvfhetocommitf.orourtOloveandworkinthehumancommuni锣f…】MourninglostchiIdhoodisanothercentraltaskofadolescence.、kdithviorst.NeceSS口ryL0ssesIncon仃aSttotllechild’si衄ocence,curiosity'honesty,pul.i吼love,adultsareh),pocritical,cmeland黟eedy.Butthel甜erposesoVem,helmingpressureuponthe14f.o肌eLChapter下wo:TheAdultWorldandT11eChild、^brldDuringHuckaIldJiIll’sdriRingdowntlleriVer'tlley埘t11essaseriesofridiculousandevilscenesofsociety:thebodiesdri衔ngint11eriVer,thefeudbetweenandShe印herdson,rascalsliketllet11e缸liliesofo舳gerf.ordKiIlg锄dtheDuke,ColoneltheseareSherb啪’sl【illingofBoggs,mea11dmakehiIIlmob’s砒empttolynchSherb啪….AllunfoldedbeforeHuckVaingloriousadults.see山roughthe伊eedy,h),pocritical,cmel,cowardly,aIld2.2.1GreedIn砀P彳咖P玎,靴Q厂协c肼P6P彬R以胛,moneywhichhausa11dactioIlsonendriVesmentobegreatimpactuponmen’saSam砌ac印ableof锄ytl】i119.Huckfoundlingcanmal【eliVing谢thoutmoney,butmoneyhauntS11ima11thetime.Huckleber巧Finnbeginswithoneaseriesofproblemsbroughtaboutbyt11esixmousanddollars,andmemoneybecomesof吐le白ctIDrs也atforcesHuckto瑚away.MissWatson,也ou曲aChriStiaIl,intendstosellJilTlaSdowntlleriVerfor800dollars.ThewomaIlwhoreceiVesHuckinllisdisguiseS越allMa巧Willi锄siskindt0him,butwhenitcomestocatcmngJimfortllereward,sheasks,“Doesthreehundreddollarslayro珊deVeryday矗阿peoplet0pickup?’,[21】P78.Onthebigriver’HuckencounterSmurders,thehuntingforniggersandthetricke巧ofthe鼬nga11dtheDuke,Wbjchareallcausedbymen’suI苫etopossessmorcmoney-TbHuck,peopleseemtobemoney—oriented.Tllroughoutmisnovel,itmosthumanactions.se哪smatmoneyisShowntobethemainSpringof2.2.2Hypocrisyn啪u曲outthenoVel,h),pocrisyisam勾oronnawofsocie够T11efirstcharacter谢tllthis谢tist11eWidowDougl2us.Sheiscons切ntlyheHuck’sbacka11disalways仃yingtoco仃ectHuckfor11isuIlacc印tablebehaVior,butneVerunders伽:1dswhy.“Prettyasoon1wantedtosmoke,a11daSkedmewidowto1etme.Butshe、Vouldn’t.ShesaiditwaSwaSn’tcleaIl,andImuStt巧tonotdoitanymore.ThatismeanpracticeaIldjuStmewaywitllsomepeople.ShescoldsHuckforneygetdownona“ngwhentheydon’tknowan”Mngabom”【21IP2wantingtosmokebutthendoessnufrhersel£WhenHuckgoestochurCh谢tllt11e研a119e墒rds0nSunday,heperceiVesthatthetw0heartllef.锄ilieswitllfeudbet、) ̄,een也emgotochurch1Stogether锄dsemon“anabout河北大学文学硕+学侮论文brotherly10ve’,【21】P151.EveD,onea伊eesitisa900dors锄on,buteachaIlman‘、ooktheirgullsP151.along【…】andW11ent11ethedoorhehaSkeptthembetweentheirkneesstoodthemhandyagainstthewall’,【211eyeonse珊onisoVer,theyuptheirguns,aIldkeepeachomeraStheywalkoutso淅Hmnnotgetshotintheback.T0Huck,itis‘‘oneoftheroughestSuIldays’,【2l】P15levefacross.Thesatireismerci】ess,肿taSordybecausemesepeopleoneareVi01ent,butalsobecausemeyacceptt11eirViolenceacceptallceofVi01encecontraStsright.Nowantstorefo瑚.Tbjsunquestiomngsha印lywimtheirpraiseof‘‘brotherly10Ve”.nlrou曲decencyisHuck’sobservationsandcomments,t11eadultS’hypocriSybeneamtllerevealed.supe币cial2.2.3VioIenceviolenceseemsonco舢[IlontoaeVer),daylife.HuckmeetsstateagangofmurderSinseesaWeckagetlleriver,a11dinsmalltownintlleofArkansasheColonelSherb啪shootBoggs,aIluIl踟lednoroldman、Ⅳhois‘‘thebest-natul.edestoldfoolillAfkallsas…neVerhlmsensenobody,dnInksober,’12l】P193.ThemoStt),picali11cidentthatmadethereadersadults’ViolenceistheGrangerf.0rds—ShepherdsonsfeudwitnessedbyHuck.AReraste锄boatcrashesintollisraR,HuckispushedaShorewitht、)I,0“noble”clansliVingtllere.BotlltheGraIlgerf-ordsandthebutmereiscauseaShepherdsonsare“hi曲.toneda11dwenbomandrichand伊a11d,’【21】P147,bmtaland硼鹏aSonablef.eudtllatexistsbetweenthemforyears.A1thou曲theaofthefeudhaSbeenfo唱ottell,eVe巧yearpeoplegetkilledinit.TheelopementofwinlaG啪gerfbrd也m曲ter伽niliesareShepherdsonson1eadst0agunba砌einwhichmanyintheHlled.AtlaStHuckexpressedlliss仃onganackonmeirrationaladults’behaVior.so“ItmademesickImostfeUoutoft11etree.Iain’tagoingtotellallt11athappened…it、Ⅳouldmal(emesickagainif1waS【...】toaseesuchthings’,121】P158.TheabsurdexperienceofliVing谢tllt11estupidGmge怕dsis11i曲trIlaretoHuck,whoisgreatlygladtogetaway舶mthefeud.Here,M砌【Twain’sStrongdistaSteagainsth啪aIlViolenceisVisible.2.2.4Cowardice“TheViolenceon、Ⅳhichtllecultl盯erestSisitselfapretenceorilluSiontodisguiSebasiccowards.Huckexpressedcow矾iceofmepeople’,【221.Peopleareviolent,becausethey16areChapterT氓’o:TheAdu】tWbrldandTheChildW6rldllisinsi曲tont11eweal(pointofmankind:‘‰eaVerageman’sacow们’’aIld‘铀eaVeragemandon’tlike仃0ubleaIlddanger’’【2l】P200缸ou曲Colonelt0theonewhoisSherb啪’sspeechlynchingpany.Twainsho、Ⅳed11isdis舒lstoneAtthetimeoffeelingsympathymurdered,Markwitlltllelocalcitizens,thatis,‘‘meaVeragegoforwardt0preVentit,butdetailsman”.Whentllemu】『derhappens,noonedarestomert11eViolenceh印peIls,eachisenjoyingkno谢ngmeof“smWder’orlettingomersl(Ilowit.TheymaIlifestandbysomebodysaidal(indofstraI】gegladness.t0111atisnotenou曲,“bySherb啪oughtbelynched.InaboutaminuteeVe巧bodywaSsayingit;soawayt11eywent,mada11dyelling,a11dsnatcllingdowneveD,clomeslinetheycomegeneral,yetnoonetodotllet0behaIlging诵t11’,【21】P197.Thosemenarecowardsinonewouldlikeregarded嬲one.SoeVe巧oneposesaSwhois“braVert11ananyotllerpeople’,【2l】P199.FromHuck也eheisacow砌iceof锄ordin哪mallis付1at:is心aidt0letthecow2一iIlmindwhodoesnotlil【eany仃oubleanddanger,butheonlersknowit.2.3TheChildWorldMingledwiththeAdultsDiscoursePowert11eadults’autllorit),usuallydistllrbs也eCtlildhoodshouldbeh印pyaIldchildrenaJldcloudsthei肋ocent,buth印pinessoftheirworld.Adults,nomanergoodorbad,stan,usuallyf而mawrongpresupposition,tllatis,theadults’presuppostion,to仃eatchildren,murdertheaIldoriginalit)rofchildren,alldtoeducateareimocencethemselVesconstantlyc11ildren,晰tht11efeelingtllatmeysuperiortochildren,regardlessofthef.actthatt11ei11110cenceofchildrenistheso-calledkindnessoftheh姗edbyadults.They“11l(theyare硝ways此nobossesofmeirc11ildrenaIldmatchildrenoughttomeeldydotlleirbiddingpreposterousitis.SotheworldwherethecllildrendwellisinfaCta11drepressions.ama_tterhowplacemllofcons砌nts1Hspartwilli11VestigatehowtheadultS’aumoritiesmaJlipulatethecllildren,inordert0exaIllinehowtheauthorities、访eldaIldausserttheirpoweLIn协c砒6P删砌刀,111eciVilizedcharacter,owningexllibitsnotonlyafirStadults’authorit)rHuckfeelscomes舶mMissWratson,aslaVe,whichisarathersaVageact.Thereforehercharacteralsorepresentseducationwmchisahypocrisybutcomplexi哆MissW缸son河:I匕歹:学文学硕十学伊论文constmctofthecivilizedworld.Shetriesto“sivilize”him.Forinstance:W11eneVermewidowringsmebellforsupper,Huckmustgettotheta.bleimmediately,butbeforeeatinghehasto“wajtforthewidowtotuckdo、)lmherheadand咎umblealittleoverthevicl=uals’,【21】P2WhenfinallyallowedtoStaneating,hemust}lavegoodtablem锄1ers,ARertheirdinnertime,mewidowandMissⅥ,atsonwouldendeaVortoi11culcatetheC“stianvaluesinthis‘‘poorlostl锄b’,【21】P2bytellinghimthesto巧ofMosesaIldtheh印pinessofheaVen,buthecannotseeaIlyadV锄tagesinthesemaners.A1thou曲HuCkhaSeVercompliedwithMissWratson’srequesttoprayeVe巧day,shecallshimafoolwhenheaSkshert0prayhooksfor11im.Inshort,Huck’slifef-etteredbyrigidrulesandreligiousdoctrinesisgetting“tiI.esomeaIldlonesome”【21】P4.NotomydoKsadopterskeepfindingfault、VitllmssmallestmisdemeaIlorbuttlleyprollibithimf而msmobn函curSing,yelling,a11dgaping.EVenifhewantst0domeoutdooractiVitiessuch嬲fisMngandswimming,hemustgett11eirpemissioniIladVance;otherwise,hemightbeonceagajnreproVedforKsillbehavior.IIlordertoshunanycmldren’sn-oubles,parentswouldusestrictmlesa11dseVerepunis}蚰emtoeliIllinateany仃oublemakers.TheyendeaVortosquelchtlleirchildrenbecauseoIllybysodoingcanparentsllaveapeace龟ltime.HoweVer,iftheyc锄otsuccess允llymanipulaterebelliouSchildren世ert11eirdesperatee肋n,meymaylabelt11em仃Dublemal(ers.【18】P45Conf-rontedwitllthjs№dof“ctandroutinelife,Hucksaysruemllyt11at“Isetdowninachairbythewindowandtriedt0thjnkofsomethingcheerfhl,butitw锄’tnouse.IfeltsolonesomeImostwish1wasdead,,【21】P4SoMissWratsondoesnotreallyl(110wwhatisbestforHuck,谢thouttaldngllisneeds,feelillgs,ornan鹏intoaCcount.Shetriestofithimintomoldofrespectabili瓴to“siVilize”Km.Forherpart,MissW厶ton,sheisimpatientwitllaboy’sneedtomoVeabouta11dimplaCableinherreligionofprayersandguilt.SherepresentsadebaSedfo肌ofwhatPhilipGreVendescribedas“aneVangelic越parent、Vho仃ainstlleircmldrento10Vea11dtofearmemandtosubordinatet11eirvnlls锄dseⅣetot11eirparents.,,【23】EvenbomnlewidowandherChapter1、Vo:TheAdultW6rldandTheChild、入,orldsisterare、Ⅳell—meaningHuck’srealneeds.IIladults;tlleyi111poseaIldacodeofsociaJrespecta_bilit)ratoddswithnle谢dowMissWratS0n’sf.锄ily,Huck’sgenuiIleiIldiVidual时isstined,notdeVeloped.SoHuckofsociala11dreligiouSsois,est瑚gedwKchf破lto6-ommsadopted‰ilya11duIldert|lepressurenodem锄dssatis匆Ksneeds.ItiswonderthatHuck“feltlonesomeInlost、析shed1wasdead,’Thenextadults’aumori够Huckfeelscomes舶mHuck’sdrunkenf.atherwhonotoIllymaltreatshimmrou曲physicala11dverbalabuSesbutalsoforbidshimtoreceive孤ybaptismaSksofcivilization.ForinstaIlce,noticing11isson’s‘‘starchyclotlles’’【2l】P26,P印sarcaSticallyaKmifhet11inksheisbetterthaIlllisfatherandpromisestotake11im“downpegbefore[he】get[s】done、杭tll[Huck】’,【21】P26Moreover'merhe撕ngoutofHuckreadt11estoriesaboutGeneralWaSllingtona11dthewars,Papordershimtodropsonschool,foreducation、) ̄rillmake11isbelieVeinGoda11dputonairsoVer锄dgetthebetterofhissonfather.P印’sabuseculminatesinmeepisodeoftllehdn印pingwherehelocks11isinawoodenlogaIldbeatsh洫soseverelyt11athisbodyisalloVerwelts.IfPapgetSdnmk,Huck’sday谢nbecomeharder.ForchaSesafbrex锄ple,aRer鲫幽g110ldsfIrom挝salcoholicstupor'PapseemstogoiIlsaneaIldHuck诵tllaclasp.k11ife,callingllim‘‘theAngelofDeatll’’【21】P39.AlmoughHuckescapesunscathed行omKsfIather’sbrutality,hehaSbeenpetrifiedwimfeaLIIlordertoprotecthimsel£hearineajmedathissleepingfatheruIltilhef甜lsaSleep.1’hroughillustratinghowPapoppressest11emaleadults,arcaHuck.Ke曲M.Opd批conSidersthat“alladults,particularlythreatt0Huck,…DuetotllethreatofthemalechaI.acters,Opd枷su舵ringchildagreeswitllPeterBeidler’sinsightintoHuckwhoismoreofanemotionallythaIlatraVelingrogue.”HuckalwaysliVesiIlthete玎0rof11isdeVilish—likef-ather.AsHucksosays,“Iusedtobescaredofllima11thetime,hetannedmeIlow,t00’,【2l】P25.AsfhaSmuch.Ireckoned1waSscaredthec11ildrenareconcemed,tlleoppressionf而madultsoftenstrengtllenstheiroppressiongettingmoreaIldmoreseVerely,mightonresolVet0challengetlleau.thori够Iftheigniteschildren’sdesiretorebelagainStadults.Soat12LstHetakesgoesagainstMisst11er01eofa“rebel”andW乱son’saIldPap’sauthori够河北大学文学硕十学位论文ThelaStconsn.ainteVenauthorit),comes行omsocie够;childrenareconsciouslyorunconsciouslydominatedandcormptedbyitsdiscourSe.Forins切nce,theplacewheremechildrendwellisstainedby‘‘aIlideologyofracialhierarchy’,【24】P127,whichisbolsteredbytlleslaVeholdersandaCquiescedbyt11echufch.Duet0thesocialaIldeconomicbenefits,raCismpenIleatestllecbjldren’sliVingenVirorⅡnent、VhereeVer)rone俄kesitforgrantedthatheorShedoeshaVearighttobm|talizetlleblack.ForinstaIlce,slaVeh01derssuchtoignorethefactthattheiraSWidowDouglasaIldMissWratsonseemcmeltyhaSbroughtthemintoaconnictwimt11eChristiandoctrinesofp11ilan伯ropy.WitlloutfeelingpangofremorseformeirsaVagery,t11eyexploittheirslaVes,臼eatingthemaS、Ⅳorkingmacllines.Deeplyafrectedbyt11eracialprejudicesopervasiVeiIltheirsocie吼mechildrenmi曲tcopythewaysmeadultsbeha、reandintemalizethebeliefraCe’,f24】P128.Forexanlple,seeingJillloutof‘蚀eallegedly“naturalsuperiori够”ofthewhiteJhaSllistoy,T0mthiIll(softheendv撕ouSiI灿maIlmsest0geto仆iscaptiV咄orr础ertotortl鹏llim,atcontraSttoof劢P彳咖P,z,胱s矿协c肌6P彬f诧edom,buthealways,锄,z.IIlTbm’scmelty,HuckistemptedtohelpJimgetllishausmisgiVingsaboutllisbe饿lyalofthesociet)ra11dsIaveholder,belieVingthatwhathedoesismorallydepraVed.Hence,theinStinltion.EVenift11eydef.o玎neddiscourse.arecllildrenarecomlptedaIlddeh啪anizedtobytheslaVe巧notaVersetoslaVery,tlleymayfeelobl追edcoⅢbrmtothis20ChapterThree:RebellionagainstTheAdultDiscoursePowerChapterThree:RebelIionAgainstTheAdultDiscoursePowerAdultsusediScoursepowertoe姒blish也eiropinionatedadults—childrenorder,iIlmisorder,tllecIlildren’t110ughtisunder也econtrolofadults,cllil(h.enshoulddefertothewillofadults.BecausepsychologicalcllildreniIlthephysicalleVelaIldpsychological1eVel(especiallytheaSleVel)havenotreachedtlleleVelofm狐鹏adults,tlleadultswillbeusedc11ildren’s鲥deliIles,aIld血eyadult-cKldrendiscourSea11ddrawupanllrllberofauctiollsandideasno肌s,alldbuildansystem(order)identifiedadults’dbs01uteauthori够bysu巧ectiVeconjectlJreforc11ildren谢tllout伽1yunderstalldillgthepsychologicalSta_tusofchildren.orIIltllissystem,tllestalldardforcllildren’sgoodobedientwillbesomeincentiVes,tllebadis“obediem”a11d“disobedient,’,tllebecontraD,谢UsubjecttoseVerepullisluIlem,andmey仃ytomakethe“disobedient’’c11ildrensatisfiedthatorder,andfinallya11dlegitimacyofadults—childrenordeLeVenidemi黟t11erationali够or1Ksorderisu11reasonablebecauseitne91ectsignoresthepsychologicalneedsofchil(1ren.3.1RebellionAgainstTheAdultAccordingtoFoucault,ThesideWorldownSttlediscoursepowersetsthatupalotofinsti觚ons谢llandsocialSyStemsthatforce也eoppressedsidetoob宅y.ButtheoppresSedsideseekallkiIldsofwayst0opposeauthori妙callHuck’srebellionagainstt11eadmtdiscoursepoweradultworld,especiallyt11esocialsystemsilladult、Ⅳorld.beseenf如m11isrebellionagainSt3.1.1Rebe¨ionAgainstEducationT11efirStismsrebellionagainsteducation.mpoin:tsoutⅡlat也esocial证sthltionSlikeregulateD西c勿,f刀P口,zd尸“"括办聊P聆LFoucaultschool觚dgoVemmentdep弧ment,etc.t巧tobyalll(indsofdisciplines,a11dheclailnsh啪a11behaVioraccordingtot11erulessetthatsuChsocialinStitutionsmouldllⅦ[IlaIlbeingslike磊lctodesmanufacturingproducts.【25】P56EducationtI肛nschililrenouttobeasI.ealisticandmaterialistic21asadultstllemselves.Asan河北大学文学硕十学何论文imponantapproachtodistributeknowledge,“EducationmaybethemeansbywhicheVeD,iIldividual,inasociet)rlikeours,gainaccesstoa11ykindofdiscourse.,,【26】P147Moreover,“EVe巧educationsystemisapoliticalmeallsofmaintaillingormodi母ingtheappropriationofdiscourse诵t11theknowledgea11dpower血atbring谢thtllem.,’【26】P137IIl£f,P阳,甜愆哆g口f珊f尸办f,Ds印协,,EdmundsonextendsFoucault’sViewbysayingthatthereareconsistentconllectionsbe“旧enschoolaIldpriso玛notonlybecausemanyValuejudgmentsandbehaVioralstandardswit量linthet、voinstitutionsarequitethes锄e,butbecausetherearetellminologicalcil℃ula_tionsbetweenprisonandprof.essors.【25】P58Huck’srebenionagainsteducationisclear.AtthebegimingofthenoVel,Huckdoesnotliket11e‘‘siVilization”ofWidowDouglaS,henl力sout,butiIlordertojoiIlTbm’balldofrobbers,hecomesback,andgoestoschoolforseVeralmonms.well,theeor。fottrmonthSrllnnlong.nndttwQSwellt蹦othew协ternow.Ihadbeentoschoolmostnllthetime口ndcouldSpellandrendandwritejuStnlittle.andcouldScIythemtlltipl{cntiontnbletlptoslxtimesSeven{Sth{r|)}季ve,口ndIdon'|reckonIcomdevergetn}ly扣rtherth口nthnt移1wnSt0li、,e加rever.Idon,l|Qkenostock锄mnthemnticS.nnyWc嗲.At疗rstIhntedtheSchool,btlfbynndbyj蓉otSoIcouldstnndn.≯矿殆P,zPvP,.,gDf“甩cD朋朋D刀f抛d,p,q胪d办DDA够y【21】P20LaterHuckwenttoschool,becausehew趾tstogethisf.athera119巧whodoesnotallowhimtogotoschool:HecntchedmeQcotlplle可t{meS口ndthrnShedme。btlt1wenttoSchooljllsttheSnme.口nddodgedhimorotl打tll'himmoStofthetime.I哇idn,1w讲1ttogotoschoolmuch6咖陀,6埘,愆c幻玎Pd,留gD刀Dw幻印f陀p哆【21】P31MarkTwainoncesaid“Don’tletschoolgetinthewayofyoureducation”.雨庙nstatesthat“seducationⅥ晒chisproVidedbysociet)rc锄actu_a11yKnderhumangrowtllandmat嘶够舢thoughaformaleducationShouldnotbecompletelyshwmed,perhapstmelifeexperience,iIlsociet)randna_ture,isakeypartofdeVelopment.3.1.2RebemonAgainstRengionThesecondisHuck’srebellionagainStreligion.Huckisnotatallfondofreligion.IntheChapterThree:Rebell.onagainstTheAdultDiscoursePo、、erfirstchapter’whentlleVer),interested,butdoesnotcareWidowreads№laSto巧舶mtheOldTest锄em(Moses),HuCkaisoncehediscoVerstllatMoseshausbeendeadforlongpedodoft妇e,heaIlymorebecauSehe“doesn’ttakestockiIldeadpeople”.HuckiIldicatesthathensoulldsf缸more劬thaIlidea谢thllishe“en.IIlCh印ter3,MissWatsoncouldciVilizeHuckbytelliIlg11imtoprayeVeryday,andwhateVerheaskedforhe、Ⅳouldgetit.ButHuckboldlychallengestllisdon’tDeaCono、Ⅳnminhng:“Ifabodycallgetan)rtllingtlleyprayfor,、Ⅳhycan’tWi衄getbacktllemoneyhelostonpork?Whyme埘dowgetbackhersilversnu仃-boxt11atwaSStole?Whycall’tMissWatsonfatup?’,【211P143.1.3RebellionAgainstTlhethirdattitudetot11eoldoneRoyaI够caIlisHuck’srebellionagainstroyal够w}lichonebeenseen丘omHuck’sdul(eofBilgewater,a11dtlle似ofrauds.TheyouIlgstatest11atheistheari曲t向lonesaysheismelateDaupbjn.TheydolotofbadthiIlgsw11ichmakesHuckdisgust.SomeofHuck’srema出sshowllisrebellionagainStLater,Whenmeywereasleep,JiIllsaid,royal吼“Areyotlstlrprised口tthewc秒thebngnnddukenct.1{1lc船”“No.Jim.I’mnot.oItrdukenndkngc矿enothoneSt。butthenIdontIthinknnymember谚royal钞hndever“That'shoWlikeroynl妙”beenhoneSt.”。I知eltoo.weh口vethemwithus.nnawe:llh口vetocont锄uefremingthemIdidn,ltellJimwhQtIhndwithuSsuspected加rnlongtime—thQtthe批omenlr倒elingwereylotre文lcingSnnd幽沁S.ButsDre口l酝ngSn硼出lkeSwotltdhcn,eQcted.in砌Ps口聊Pw缈f办讲D渺MD口c纪Zw办口,吨劳陀疗卯捌打m口娩7【21】P210usingtheHucktall(saboutnlehisto巧ofroym缸niliesjoking、vordstoreVealtheview也att11eemperorsaredespicableindi羝remways.Thenheconcludes:‘‘AllIsayis,kingsisallarouIld;tlley’reakings,aIldyougottomakeallowallces.T址et11emmi曲tyome巧lot.n’st11ewaV吐IeV,rerajsed.,,【21lP210SoHuckhaSaVe叫s昀ngrepulsionagainsttllecomlptedadult、Ⅳ0rld,WhichshowshisrebellionagainSttheadultlloodandatthes锄e23timeexpresseshisconcemaboutttle河北大学文学硕+学伊论文innocenceofchildrendiscourse.3.2Huck’sEscape..Ifthingsbecomeunbearable…gosonlewhereelset’.EdwardT.BowdenTheDungeonSinceHuckisaaIftheHe甜toVerchild,heisalwaysvulnerable;aJlyadultheencountershaspowertoWnhim,HislifeinasmallriVersideis如1lofmles丘Dmtheadultworld.Soesc印eistheonlyfonnoft11eprotestmecKldisleRtochoose,forthathypocritical,indi虢rentaIldmaterial一orientedadult、№rld’thevoiceofBesidesacllildisso、ⅣeakandoRengoes眦10ticed.satirizing,dis捌nillg,selfpi咖ng,andrejecting,heseemst0findnootllerwayout.HemuStt巧toneeSuchexperiencesthatmaypossiblyput11isi彻ocenceunderpressure,a11dstn唱gletocut11imselfo行舶mt11eadultworldhefeelsasodisgusting.Onlyintllisway,caIlheaccumulatethe1(nowledgeandexperience,perceiVesqualorintllisprocesscallbe船raunders协dingoftheeVilandsocie够Ⅵ柱chhedespisesbutiscriticaltochild’sgrovvth,andtheinitiationbemlfilled.ARerHuckisadoptedbymeWidowDou91aS,Hefeelsuncomfortableabouttheireff-ortsto“sivilize”llim:ThewidowitwQsDOtl雷ns.Shetookme知rherson.nndntloweashewotlldsivilizeme:blltrotl曲l如itlginthehotlseQnthetime.co,1s{der诹ghowdiSmnlregtll讲‘nndsodecemthewidowwnSinntlherwQys:口ndD甜f.【2l】PlwhenIcotll如、Stnndilnolonger'jlilSoonaRerHuck’sretumtomewidow’sonTbmSa、vyer’sdemandtosufrert0meetllisrequirementofjoiningmsballdofrobbers,Huckbeginst0teachhimspelling.HoweVer,thef如mMissW.atson’sattempttimefor咖dyis“deadlydull”andmakesHuck“fidge妒’.w11ichheWhathepreferSishis“01drags”alld“sug孙hogshead”,丽tllfeels“舶eaIldsatisfied”.‘iAH1waIltedwaust0gosome、vhere,”【21】P3Huckvoices11isdissatisfaction.Laterheis址enawayby11isf抽er.IIll研sonedbyHuckPapiIlacabindaya11dni曲tand能quentlybeateIl,f酞esms0Wn“murder,’aIldesc印es,thuS24launching11isadVer灿re.Thesi弘ificallceofChapterThree:RebellionagainstTheAdultDiscoursePo、Verthisescapeistllatitisrestricts11im.HuckonenotoIlly1jfomhisf矾1er,but舶mtheciVilizedadultsociet)rthatesc印es舶mtlleciVilizedadultsocie够intoananI倍_thenotriVer.AllchildrenhaVeaaspecialplaCe,whetllerchosenbyconsciouSdecisionormisisplaCeWhereonecangotoS0rttlleirthoughts.NaturecanoRenproVidecomfortbyproVidinganur饥而ngsurroundingchoicesorallcaIlwhereamldisforCedtoisin100k、Ⅳitl曲a11da、历thdrawalbemadeIIntaintedbyadultsocie吼Sosocie饥wIlichisHuck’sjo啪eyessenceescapefIromt11emains臼eamfilledwithcmelandcoITuptedsigns.Huck’sesc印eresultSfbmwantingtogetridoftheinnuenceanddanger丘omtheadulttoworld,andhew2mtsfind舶edom、mchis丘eeoftllehypocriticaladults.ButitisomyaIldJiITlliVeaadre锄tllatcallnotberealized.Althou曲HucktorelatiVelypeacemllife0nme雠,tlleycomlptionareultimatelyllnableesc印etheeVilsandh),pocrisiesoft11eoutsideworld.DuringKsescapeheexperiencesarldwitIlesses,tobjsdisappoil舰ent,morewe‰essandkeroseneonofadultworld.Heknowstlleadultsbetter,such弱theloafersoft|letownofBrickVille,锄usingthemonthemselVesbyto栅ng撕mals,pouringdogsaIldsettingfire,democraticcitizensquicl(1ychaIlgedontoViolentmobs,readytotakethelawoVer0ntotlleiro、vnhands锄donalynchpeople,ortoseizepeoplea11dpourhottarfactofmemandrideonmemoutoft洲mrail,趾dthebmtalslaVe巧aIldofhlⅡnanbeing,blaCkss01dfeud舭m破etplaCeslikeaIlimals,theaShepherdson—G瑚ge墒rdsosho诹ngallitssenseless,asickemngpen,ersionoftllillgtocodeof“horror,’.【26】P23callat1aStheremarks:“nwaSdread如lsee.H啪anbeingsonbea、vfhlcruelt0onea110ther.’,【2l】P315onEVentheraftHuckalsofeelstheoppressionofadultdiscourSepower11imself:Att11eⅪngt11eyonceandDuke’sarriV谢,howeVer,Hucka11dJimhaVetofollowtheordersofthemandagaillfindt11emselVesinsociet)r’s铲aLsp.IIlthismaIlner,then,Huckisconstamlytolimitedf而mchoosingmsowndestinyHucktriesalwaysdoso.Hischoicesbeyond11iscontr01.TheaboVeaIlalysisshowsaredete衄i11ellisownselfbuthecannotareblockedbecauSeoftheactionsofothers,actionsWhichHuck毗mtstokeeplliscllildishi彻ocencebytheescape.T0河北大学文学硕卜学伊论文hjsdisappoinnnent,throughthisescapehegetsbetteringunderstandingofthehypocrisyandcnleltyofadultworld.3.3Huck’shelptoJimAccordingtoFoucault,Someethjcsbans印pearint11eiroriginal,whjlemore100sebansareinfoms.PeoplegeneraJlyshapet王lemselVesinwillofaccordance诵ththeotllers’wishesofthecommuni咄or埘血也emainstre锄ideology,、Ⅳhichpositionoristhecharged.Inreali吼t11ediscoursepowerisheldiIltlledominampowerside.ThesideholdingthediscoursepowerimposesrightstheonthepaSsiVeside,Whilet11epaSsiVesidehaStomanipulatetolistenandtalk,ors锄ewordstospeakorre如sesremainsilent.Int11eruralSou_tllofthemid—l800s.blackswerestillconsideredinferiorandalmosteVe巧onebauaex打emep叫udicesagainstmem.Mallyw11iteAm喇cansatt如desacceptedslaVeD,a11dabelievedtheNegroeswereinferiorwhichresultedinracistslaVe,WhoisIloteVena11dbehaViors.JimisconsideredarealpersonbutoIlly嬲apieceofproperty.HeisⅦlnerabletow11ites.1ikeHuck.HuckandJimwere删ngb0廿l枷ngawayf.romsociet)rforonereason0rallother.HuckwaSinordert0escapefbmtheconstraintsofsocie哆andconfonni吼、VhileJimw觚衄ingtokeepf.rombeings01dtoanotllerowner.ⅥmatHucka11dJimseekis丘.eedom,aIldtllis疗eedomissha印lycon仃astedwitlltlleexistingciVilizationalongthe笋eatriVeLHuck’s10yaltya11daSsistallcetotllerunawayslaVe,Jim,aSmanycriticsaSserrt,reinforcesourimpressionofllis仔eedom台.omtherestraintsof11isadefomedsociety.Huckchallengest11eauthorityofslaVeUinStimte,wmchistotaldefiallceofadultsocie够HoweVersociety’samoralsgreatlya僚ctareaperson’sactionsandbeliefs.Whenapersonisraisedint11eycenainenVir0砌ent,tlleybrou曲tup谢ththeirsoci啊’smo同s,aSs啪ingare一曲t,andaIlyonetllatgoesagainStthesemoralsarewrongandmaybepunished.Thereligionproceedsto鲥ndhim,嬲Huckall嘶nacknowledges:StldaenthQtherewQsthepln汛ha砌对ProvidenceslQppingmeinthe细cen,l(1lemngmeknown'ywtc{ce如esSWasbeingwatched口1lmet{me痧omupthere伽cou融he倒en…Somethingimide可mekeptSayin昏TherewQSthesund唰Sch001.yoH26ChapterT11ree:RebellionagainstT_heAdultDiscoursePo、、,erngonet0il'th口fpeoplethat口ctsasI’dbeennctingnboutthmniggergoeStoP_l,P如,吣/沈.【21】陀89珈IIlHuck’spointofview,stealinga11iggerisnotoIllya“lowdoWn”ming,butalsoonsacrile西oustonlereli舀on.TheGodisinnleheaVenthelookout,aIldanysayst0aIlonewhohelps11igger、^,ouldbesentt0tlleeVe订aStingfire,buthemademefeelsoevenescapedblackslave“ItmeaIlIcouldalmoStkssed11isfootatogethimt0tal【eitback.’,【21】P118TMssemencecoIllingf硒mt11epre-CiVilwhitepeopleisabsolutelyu11imaginableformoStofwllitepeopleiIlWarinAmedca.AtlaSt,Huckdecidestoaida11dai印oremesoci啊’s怕ug№andputs11isownlifeiIljeop莉ytomIl踟,ayslaVe.InHuck’smomlreconciliatio玛heisabletodisregardt11eideasofsociet),11isownchoiceofd印endsonrigllt觚dwrong.Huck、,iolatest11estrictslaVelawst11atancaIlresultiIlharshpenaltiesf.orw11ites.BytreatingJh雏a伍endandareequal,Huckshows也atherejectSthecommoniIlte邛删ionoft11eBible,tllatblacl(scaIlinferiortowKtes.Huck’sactmt11athetea血gupt11elettertoMissWatsonbeseenaLsagem聆ofdiscarding‘‘eVerything11aSacceptedof也e1aws,p他scriptionS,锄dcodes儆govemsoci叫’.【27】HeisaWaremat“sheavyburdenofben.ayal.andtumsalongwiththetripthetwogrewstrongerandmtimate,life-t妇edecision谢1lprobablyhaVea、耐试consequ《mces,yethiscollScienceprefers“goiIlgtohell”也aIlbeingobligedtoliVe谢mtlleHuck肌dJiIn’s衔endsllip吼de唱oesmaJlyt而ststal(edoWn恤MisSissippi融Ver.WithmeireachadVentL鹏tlleir衔endshiptode印er舶m衔ends量lipencoullter谢tllw11ichtheDul(ea11dmeKingHuckgiVestomeriVerboatscene.Sothecompletelyagainstallthata11daSsistallceJimgo“siVilization,’h雒taughtKm.3.4Huck’sLanguageOneoftllethjngst11atimpressreadersgreatlyistllest)rleofHuck’scriticsha、,echaracterizedmesmootllnessofHuCk’slallg眦培etllebook.LionelTrillingseesaslanguage.MaIlythemostu11iquefeatureof1’wain’screationofHuck’sVoiceaSameasureof11isgeIlius.He、)mtest11atHuck’slaJlguagehaS“theimmediacyoftheheardV0ice.”ShelleyFisherFish“nhaSsuggestedt11atTwaincreatedHuck’sStyleofspeech丹ommatofarealboy,allA衔can—AmericanchildthathemetiIlmeearly1870s,combinedwithdialectsof、Ⅳhite27河北大学文学硕十学何论文peoplehehadheardasachild.Huck’slanguagewaScondemedinlatenineteenthcentu:叮aSrou曲,un鲜unmatical,obscene;TobothHuckas“bad,’虹d,andtohislanguage弱“bad”too—aretmant,bothbadmodelsforAmericanchil出en.Huck’scharacterand11islallgu鸩einextricable.IIlcomp撕sonwiththeotller‘‘teXt,’iIlt11enoVel,Huck’slanguageisnot“lite例眵”,0rd嘶Vedf}om行omlliso、ⅥIbooksa11dcultu】ralpreconceptions,butVemaCul鸡a11dderiVedexp甜ence.ofHucktonelallguagef加固馏aresimilarnlein砀P彳咖P玎,掰陀s矿胁,c砒6Pr∥丹门玎a11douttheHoldeninC口fc办P,加a伊eatextent.Kaplanpointssimilaritiesbe铆eenthe似oaS:slan趴idiomatic,舶quentlyⅦ19are肋nlesslanguagewhichTwainandSalingerputintheaSmoumsoftheirheroesisremarkableforthecl撕tyoftheself-portraitsthateme玛e,aS、ⅣeUfortheaLsaaccuracyoft11etalkitselfF.R.LeaVisdesc曲esHuck’sc01loquiallanguagelanguage,ineachliterarymedi哪tllatis“Shakespe撕a11initsrangeandsubtle够”111ecase,ispersonal,distinctive,anddescriptiveofcharacter.【28】Growing—Ilpispointoflife’sinnerworldanimportantpartofpeople’slifeexperiences,aIldisalsoaSam萄or删ngauthori够aIldofjoumey.Languagebeused2ustlleshellofhum锄tllillIdngandthereflectionofpeople’scaIltoolsaIld印proachestoexpressdesire,challengearepursuepersonalidealbyyoungpeople.Yo眦lgpeopleint11emarginalzonesocie妣longingfor行eedomandindependence,eagertoenterthecemerofsocialmainstreamValues.HoweVer,asthephysicianandpsychologyofyoungpeopleareinatl_lrbulentperiod,andtheadultworldisconlplexanddiVerse,theyoungpeopleconstantlyexpresstheirideas,challengeands川)vertmeadultdiscoursepower,andfo肌thesubVersion,renewalandtlleineVitablearef赫lureoftherecons臼rLlctionprocessonthediscoursepowertheyItistnIethattllelaIlguageofHuckcharacterizesspeech,wllichisa11ingrowth.extremelytritealldt),picalteenagefilled埘tllstrongperson2Llfea_tures.砧tllou曲llislanguageisungr猢aticala11dⅦlgar,llismal印ropismlmmaSkstllellypocriticaladults.e.g.pompousDuckofBridgewateris“DukeofBilgewater,’,Huck’sun黟猢aticalspeechpuncturestheinnatedmoralclainlsofMissWatson.Fromotllerinstances,Huck’srebellionagainsttheadult、vorldcaIlaJsobeseen;InChapter24,Thekinganddul(efinallytal(eittoo陆whentheyinlpersonatePeterWill(S’brothersin锄anempt28toreceiVe11ismoney,a11dHuckcorIl】ments,“ItChapternree:RebellionagainstTheAdultDiscoursePower、惴enou班t0seesmal(eabodyaSh锄edareoft11eh啪aIlrace’,【21】P221.InChapter33,WhenHuckahowtheKingandtlleDucktocarriedbyt11epeopleiIltheto、Vn,hesays“Itwausdread如lt11iIlgsee.Humallbeingsc锄bea、疵lc11leltooneaIlother,’.【21】P315hlChapterl8,HuckfeelsotllebrutalblliIlgbeMeentlleG啪derf.ordsit证detail诵t110utareandtheShepherdonsmakessickthathec籼oteVentellgettingsickagain;1’oHuck’sgreathollror’tllepeopleinVolVediIlthisdueloft11eKghestc12Lssproducedbytllesoutllemsocie够Escaping矗的mevertllefollyofthefeud,Huckre仃eatstotlleriVer,wishingthathe‘‘hadn’tcomeaShorethatIli曲ttoseesuchtllings.Iain’teVergomgtogetshutofthem…10tsoftimesIdre锄a_bout舭m’’【21】P158・159.HuckdoesnotknowitispuzzledbytheadultS’violentbehaVior’a11dkeepsaShng“why?”heisjusttllewayofadultlife.Huckhausdis舒Lsttowardsme“white”adultsociet),:Therewarn!tmcolorinhiS细ce.Wherehis如ceSh洲ed:itWnSwhtte:notlike口甩D砌口,.聊口"≥w厅f胞,6甜口w,i加幻聊口恐口6D咖sfc忌口w,z觑口幻聊口娩口6D方≥加砌crmvL-口匀℃e.fo口dw而f纪,口加^一6eZ砂w厅f陀.【21】P25InHuck’snaiVenarratiVelallguageof43words,“Ⅵ植te”appears6times诵manaimtodepictpap’ssymbolicrole.Hisexaggera_tedemphasison“、Vhite”suggestnotonlyHuck’sdisgustedattitudeagainstdea.mlypallorofpap’sskiIl,Ⅵ枉chmaybetaken2LsHuck’siIlstinctiVeantagomsmagaillsttlledisguSting‘White’adultsocie够w11ichhaSfosteredllim,butaJsoHuck’sanempttobreal(away舶mit.uSeInt11ewholenoVel,Huck’scontinualof‘‘comf.onable,”“regul弛”and“sivilized”(arules)indirectlyc捌mpedupandwordTwajndeliberatelymisspellst0reVealHuck’sresentmentofsocietalquestionSthemlesofadultsivilized,aSt11eycalledsuchaSsocie够Hucksayshedoesnotwantt0“besoit,,,【21】P34….averbal撕ibutionoftlliswordt0uIlwamedamhoritiesareMissWratson.Sotlleshallo、Ⅳnessa11dVacuit),oftheadultworldcompletelydisclosedbyHolden’sbitingconⅡnems.SuchHuck’scyllicismaIldpithycommentsonins伽cesarenumerous.adultworldaptlyaIldbitinglyreVealthenatureofthe“mles”oftheadults,t11atis,powerisinthecha略eoftheadultlifeis也elawsocie劬a11dthemleofofthejungle.Sinceonac11ildhaSnosayillaworldofmeadult,Huck’scyIlical。rem2urksexpress11isrebellionthecomlptedadultworld.29河北大学文学硕十学何论文ChapterFour:FailureofHuck’sSubVersionofTheAduItDiscourselJlSCOUrSePowerandHlSt,OWerHisInitiationlnltlatlonnou曲Hucktal(esallkindsofwaystorebelt11eno咖sofadultworld,llisrebellionisdoomedt0蠡童i1becauset王lediscourSepoweriso、vnedbytheadults.Du—ngthisprocessHuckgetst01(110wt11eimpe疵ctnessofworld,a11dllisplaceinsuchaworldw11ichisalsomef.eatIJreofinitiationstories.4.1FailureofHuck’sSubversionofTheAdultDiscoursePowerIIlFoucault’sopimoll,peopleknowclearlyt11att11eycallcallnotsaywhattheywantt0say,notsaywhatt11eyliketosaya11”imeandan)州here,meantimet11epassiVeside.thesideowIlingthediscoursepower谢11imposeinVisiblepressureon111isnoVelismailllyaboutt11elookingforjo啪eyofHuckandJimalongtheMississippiriVer,their行eedom.Huck’s毹edomtogetridistogetridoftheadultautllori够a11dciVilizatioll,wKleJim’sisofslave巧andgetre肌ionwitllhisf.锄ily.SoforHuckaIldJim,theMississippitheyareIUVeristheultimatesymbolof仃eedom.OntheriVer,theygettempora巧f托edom;todo、VhateVertheylike.TheydonotneedtobeciVilized,schooled,madetocaIlfkewearcerrtainoutfitsatcenaintimes,oraIl”hingelsethattheydonotwallttodo.Theynakedandnobodycansitsayatllingaboutit.possibleT11emightyforceofnatureopposesaIldofferstheomyesc印e靠omtllebli曲tingt)rr籼yoftownsa11d加mcommullities…血thatmemoralblepaLssageHuckextolsont11e丘.eedom2uldcontemplationtllattlleriverencoumges.【29】P109HuckpreferSt11elifeplacesdoseemandcomfon£lbleButonsotlleriVer:“nlerew锄’tnohomelikearaR,a疗era11.OtheraIldeaSyc舳pedupa11dsmothery,buta瞰don’t.Y-oufeelmi曲t),fberm,,【2l】P160onatheshores,tllereis如Uof丘auds,murderandotherVicesofciVilizedadultonsocie够safe吼WheneVerThereareHuckandJimmeettroublestlleshore,tlleyescapet0tlleriVert0findoccuronmallydi丑'erencesbe似eentlleepisodesthattheriVera11depisodesthatChapterFour:FailureofHuck’sSub、7ersionofTlleAdultDiscoursePou’erandHisInitiationoccurontllelaIld.Intlleend,HuckrenH啊stotlleshore,aIldnomingchanges.nleciVilized、vorldaIlditspeopleremaillthes锄eforHuck.So11isretunltomeshoresi蛐fies11isdef.eatn0ofrebellionagaLinstmeadultdiscoursepower.ThepaSt“i1remainspaStandstilleVil,aIldeVidencehereeme唱esthatthingscouldtumfort11ebetter.ARertheescape,hehaSbetteru11derstandiIlgofmeadultwodd,herealizestheu11changeablei11Ilocenceofc11ild,andhemustreali吼hecaIlnotretainllisst印intomeadul也ood.Thatistllelawofnature.SotheriVer嘶nhaVesen,edaStlleVellicleforHuck’sdeVelopmenttom籼it),.TheaboVeaIlalysisshowsthatHuckisstriVingto矗.eellimselfaWayf.romtheperilsandcmelinfluencesof吐leadultsocie够Hewantst0丘ndf沁edomwithoutt11eadults,wKchc锄otcometnle.BecauseWhathepursuesdoesnoteXistinthereal、Ⅳorld.Huck’sdreamishardlytoberealizedintheMississippi、yⅥleyi11t11e1840’s,orinaIlyotherEVenonh啪a11socie够tlleriVer'therealadultworldi11廿udes.T11eriVerbringsHuckandJimintocontact、7l,i也criIIlillals,、Ⅳrecks,aIldStolengoods.MosttllemouthofmeimportaIltly,a“ckfogcausestllemtomissOhio硒ver,whichw嬲tobetheirrouteto蜀reedom.Inotherwords,meriverbecomessomethingotller也aIlt11eiIlllerentlybeneVolentplaceHuckhadt110ughtitw嬲.AstheymoVe舢胁ersoutll,andtlleDukea11dDauphiIlinVadetlleraR,HuckandJimmustcontinuestospendmoretiIlleashore.nlou曲ito虢rarefhge舶mallofthe们ublethatmeyencoumer,tlleriVermerelyeXistsinth6a腩cts廿leexchaJlgeaofonebadsituationforanotller.Eachescapethe1argerconteXtofcorltiIlualdriRsoutllward,towardprogresses,t11eriver,w11ichaDe印SoumaIlandentrenchedslaVe巧.AstheirsourCejo啪eyonceseemedEden,aoff.reedom,becomesmerelyevershort・temmeaIlsofesc印ethatnonethelesspushesHuckandJimf-urthertoⅥ,arddangeranddestlmction.IIltlleendoftllenoVel,HucktellshehaSto:“lightoutfortheTe仃ito巧alleadoftherest,becauSeA嘣Sallyshe’sgoingtoadoptmeaIldsivilizemeaIldIcall’tstandit,,.【21】P399Oncecanagaill’thepanemrepeats.PerhapsHuckesc印ethebondsofadultsforaawIlileiIltheboylikeboyTerrito巧likeontheraR,butllisescape谢llbeshon-liVed.Forf.ouneen—ye小oldaHuckhecouldnotmakeKsescapebeyondthef.rontierneimercouldlikeHoldensixteen・ye小01dact嬲t蚀ecatcherinthe珂e.,,【20】P66For,civilization,iIlthef-onnofsomeDul(e河北大学文学硕十学伊论文orAunt,willcatchup谢t11llim.AndHuckV以ncontinuetoremainincrisis.SoHuck’sdecisiontogo、veStaheadoftheinescapableadVanceofciVilizationisaconfessionofdefeat.Huck’sjo啪eyisnotasuccessmlonebecauseintheendhehaLstosetoutforaIlomerjo啪eyunderalmostthes锄ecirc啪staIlces,wmchiIldicatesanotherf瓠lure.Whent11echildrenusepassiVeescapetorebelagainSttheadultsdiscoursepower,meadults州lluSetheirpowertooppressthem,someiranemptwillbecollapsed,orassimilatedandevenbephagoc”osis.SoHuckhaSto、树(eupfbm11isillusionarldf.acethereality.OnedayHuckwillgrowllptobeaIladult,a11dbecometlleoppressortoenslaVetllenextgeneration.Huck’sfailurecaIlalsobeseenfromhisanemptt0helpJimgetridofthes】aVe巧andgetlegal舶edom.111atalso筋ls.T11efactmatHuckaIldJimmissCair0si萨ifiestheimpossibili够ofrealf.reedomforJimandHuckatthattime.LikeLeoMaD【commemed:‘‘oncenle珊paSsesCairo,thequeStisvirtllallydoomed.,,【30】Itist11lethatJimis舶eiIltlleend,butitcaIlbealsofoundoutthatmejo啪eywaSnottllemeaIlsbywmchhefinallyreached疳eedom.ItiswellknownslaVeD,isaldndofsocialsystemsetupbytheautho订哆side…thea(1ultworld,toforcemeoppressedsidetoobey.SoHuck’sattemptisdoomedtof撕l,hemustaccepttlleruleoftlleadultwo订d.Jimgajnshisf沁edombythehelpof01dMissWratsonattheendofthenovel.MissWratsonistheWidow’ssisterwhomHuckintrodUcesinthefirstpagesofthenoVel.Itisshewhokeeps“pec姑ng’atHuck,whotriestoteach11imtospellandtopraya11dtokeepllisfeetofrt11e如miture.ShewalltstoforceHuckt0acceptmemleofadult、Ⅳorld,sosheexllibitsallt11eoutstandingtraitsoft11eadultworld.ShepronouncesthepoliteliesofciVilizationmatsu肺cateHuck’sspmThc舭edom、) ̄粗chHuckalldJ岫seekisaccordingly丘.eedomf.romeVer”hingfor讪lichMissWaStonstallds.Sosheismesymbolofadultdiscoursepower.111eiIlsti做ionsormemlessetupbyadultsarechaIlgedomybyadultsthemselves.Tllec11ildren’svoiceistooweaktobenoticed.SotheirrebellionsareoIlly“silent,’,讪lichleadt0tlleirdesperation.hlshon,Huck’s筋luresuggestSthefactthatuIldert量leoppressionofthecomlpted32wo订dofadult,itisveDrI戚formei姗ocenceofc11ildrentosurViveiIlsuchaworld.SoonerorlaterHuckmuStmal(ellispeace谢tlltheesklblishedorder,hemustlosemsiImocencethathekeepsmrou曲outtllenoVeltogetreadytoentermeadultworldmather印ulses.4.2Huck’sInitiationAcharacterwhoisnot“如llydeVeloped,’is咖icaloftlleherooftheAmericaJlBildungsromaIl,t0wllichHoldena11dHucka11belong.Ifby“iIlitiation,’onemeansam枷ngexperiencewhichteachesayoungpersonwhatitmeanstobeadult,thjssocialin仃oductionofHuck’sisthemostprof.ouIldand,aSittumsout,t11emoStpe肌anentchallgeheundergoes.【17】P14sBecauseHuckisachild,tlleworldseemsnewtollim.EVer”hingheencomltersisa11occausionfortllought.Huck’sexperienceso行meriVera11d锄ongsociet)rarecompletelydin’erent,forcingllimtochaJlgellisactionstobecomepartofsociety.He丘equentlymustadopta110tlleridenti吼suchaSGeorgeJackson,tobeacceptcdbymepeoplehemeets,aIldmustadapttotheirwaysofliVing.Forinstallce,i11t11eepisode谢tllt11eGmgersaJldtheSheperdsons,HuckbecomesapartoftheG啪gerf.锄ilyaJldadoptstheircustoms,someofwhichhenomlallywouldobjeCttoaStoosti仃andf0姗a1.Heisalsoexposedtothec11lelt),ofsociet),i11也isepisode,winlessingt11esaVagenessofthefeudbetweenthet、Ⅳof-锄ilies.Huckmustchallgewhenheiswitht11e妯ngandtheduke,almoStilwolullt撕lytakingpanintheir丘audandbeingexposedtot11edarksideofh1脚:lannatllre.IIltlleirexperienceswiththedeceaSedPeterWilks’f.amilyandtown,HuckseeshowbadtheyareaStheyunscrupulously臼了torobt11egirlsoutofeVerytllingtheyhaVe,andhedecideshemuStgetridoftheldng觚ddul(emefirStchaIlcehegets.WlliletheytraveledwithHuCkthebngandtlledul(econsiStentlyshowedtheiru牡erlaCkofmorals,tllus知曲ereXposillgHucktotheeVilsofmall.HuckalsohaStofilldwaystoexplainJim’spresencewhenheisonlalld,a11ex锄pleo仆owhemustconflomtosociet),’sViews.BecauseofthechangesHuckmustmakea11dthedarkersidesofmant11atHuckmustdealwimwhenheisonland,beingo疗tlleriVersymbolizesHuck’ssearchforidenti啦WhenmeeVila11dgoodsidesofmanareshowntoHuck,heisexploringhumaIln船inasearchforwhatisinsideofllimsel£Ashe觎quentlychangesllis33河北大学文学硕十学何论文name,forins协ce,oncetobecomingagirl,a11donceTomSa、vyer,HuckissearchingforMmselfaJld时ingone’sbecomesomeone.Tryingisontofindacertamroleinthesociet)rsymbolizesma嘶吼soHucktheprocessofmaturing.ThechildrenworldnndtheworldscQna幽ltworld甜eworldisthebothoppoSiten们硼圻ed。醐dthe柳othendultworld.nrldtrnn置如rm.Childrenensilyerodedbytran咖rmtmothen如ltSwortd.硼tenextent.the{rchildren’s撇derStnnding可thereal订yinchQrncterwinSlowlystepworldrencheStoso什terebelltotls如ctorsdown痧omthedom{彻棚position。menmVhiletheirobedient如ctorSw{ll1】grn如dllys护P嚼乃P".彳,,^以,f办咒e历PSoaIlotllerc办f几办℃玎gP,聊口f甜旭.【3initiationisgeningsi曲ofone’sbetter咖derstalldingoftheadultworld,especially也eimperfectsidesofit.InthisnoVel,HuckandJimgeton也eraRinpursuitof五reedom,、VhiletheraRheadsforthesouthemarea讪lichisdominatedbyslaVishness.Theareal时istotallydi疵rent舶mtheiroriginalintention.ItshowsthatHuckhaSHuckaIlddyn锄icgrow血舶mi肌ocencetomamri够Aslittleto、vntothenext.allJim“RdoWntlleriV盯舶mareonehom矽ingmeevilsofh啪annanlr.esorevealed.AllthesearetobeseenintherepresentatiVeepisodesthatepitomizebef.oreHucka11denables|limtohaveamuchofAmericallciVilizationast11eyuIlfoldbetterunders切ndingoftherealadultsocie吼【32】TlleSto巧takesplacealongtlleMississippi硒Ver’onbothsidesofwhichmerewaSuIlpopulatedwildemessandadenseforestjAlongtMs—verfloatsincidents如llofViolenceandasmallraR,Hucktal(esalookatv撕ouSc11Jel够The研anger:ford-Shepherdsonfeud,especiallytlletrueViolent,cmelandabsurd虹llingsickensHuckaIldiIlitiatesHuckintosomeaLspectsofthen栅eofthjngs,aIldhelpshimgain“ciVilized”、Vorld.HefeelsaIliIlsightintotheabsurdi坝hypocrisyandcruelt)roftheadultsociet),:ash锄edofmetoseeW.e11.itmndemesickSeemedlikeIcotlldn'lit:nnd1wnsS0r秽知rthempoorpitD诅rnscnls.ildnyhclrdneSsngatnStthemarIymoreintheWorld.never扣elw口s口dk口q归,,厅打曙,DThusthesPP.j姒朋口疗6Pf啊伊c口”6e嘶,仃甜P,幻D玎P口玎D历P,:【21】P315sequenceisGmgerfbrda仃£msitional印isodeⅥdlichrecordsHuck’spain如lapprehensionoftheadultworld.ChapterFour:FailureofHuck’sSubVersionofTlleAdultDiscoursePowerandHisInitiationHuckrealizesthattheSociet),iscruel,money—oriented.IIlf.act,becauseHuckliVesiIlsuchasocie吼hec锄otavoidalltllebehaViorprinciplesoftKssociety.HewaSbecomingincreaSingly叭methatanemnllisto巧ofracial铡usticeCouldneVerbe如llyredressedby,realactiollS,1etalonebyfictionalones.ThisisthereausonwhyHuckendsupwherehebegins.111egro晰ngsi朗sofapersonarenotoIllyfmdingtlleeViloftheWorld,butarehowt0f砬ewhathefindsinreali妙.PaussiVeesc印eisnotthesignofmaIl’smaturit),.Heshouldle锄howt0faceitaIldmaintaillllimselfatthes锄etime,wllichisthesignofKsmaturi够.WhenHuckdecidestohelpJht0getridof廿1eslaVery,hesays:“舢lri曲t,me玑I’Ugot0hell.,,【2l】P291aIldte2ursthe1etterup.nlati11us仃ateshegetSmsownsenseofri曲tandwrong.1'11isismeclimaticmomentintheripellingof1lisself二knowledge.SoHuckisno10ngertheboywhohadbeenplayingrobbers、啊mTom’sganginStPetersbu唱tllesummerbefore.Allheh嬲seena11dfeltsincehepaned行omTomhaSdeepenedhisl(Ilowledgeo仆啪aIlnanlreaIldofllimsel£EscapeisapassiVe、Ⅳayofcombatagainst也ecorruptionofmeadultworld,butrather,itbecomesthecalalysttoenteringintotheadultwo订d.whichma:kesHuckmature.35河北大学文学硕+学位论文ConclusionAdolescenceisakeyperiodwhicheVeryonehaStoexperienceintheirlife;adolescentsindi虢renttimeshaVedi舵rentpuzzlements;a11dthedi虢rentSpiritoftimesproVidesdi虢rentthi出ngaIldapproachforpeopletofacetlledi行erempuzzlement.Therefore,initiationisaliterarythememllofnoVelt),aIldVitaliqforeVer.Itisabouttheher0’sco耐-romation谢tllKsmilieu,abouttlleformationof11ischaractert11rou曲suchaconj6rontatioIl,aIldabouthis铲adualaCcep伽1ceofanimpe彘ct、ⅣorldaIldofllisplaceiIlsuchaworld.吲砌P彳咖P,zf舭s矿协c批6P彬砌聆isgenerallyacl(110wledgedasaclaSsiciIlitiationSto巧iIl知nericaIlliterature.Intheprecedingchapters,thethesishasconducted百prelimina巧咖dyofHuck’s・rebelliona11dfailurebyapplyingt11ediscoursepowertheo珥Theanalysismal(esitcleartllatitisnatuI.alforyoumtor句ectsociety’wmchisanecessaDrStepinmaturingthathelpsteensandyoungpeopleingeneralfindtheirident戤Beforeenteringadulm00d,childrenaretheweakestmembersinmephysicalsocie吼theyarenotind印endenteconomically,andinthel(nowledgetheyarethemoSti驴orant.Som锄yoftheirneedsaredependentonadults,needsadult(refb仃ingto,inp抓icul碣parents,teachersandotherdesigllatedadult)helptoguidea11d北mdardize.Adultsarealdndofauthorit撕animage,adominantpositioninf如ntofcllil出en.【34】Soc11ildrenwhoare蚰dertheswayoftlleauthorit),areexpectedt0绌einallof“good”qualitiesaSanintegralpanoftlleirlife.Ⅵmentheyareathome,school,orchurch,forinstallce,meyarealwaysrequestedtoobeymleofdecommaIldmeettheadults’demaIld.T11eyarealsorequiredt0followastrictdresscodea11dpayattentiontomeirpersonalhygiene,alwayskeepingtllemselVes0rt11eirsu玎oundingcleaIla11dneat.MoreoVer'theyareencouragedtoadheret0t11es仃ingentdoctrines.IIladdition,t11eyareexpectedtobecomequietaIldsubmissiVecllildrenWhonotoIdycomply谢tlltlleregulationsmadebytlleadultsbutalsomakenoadventuresor仃oIlbles.Thec11ildrenhavenochoicebuttochallengeorevenrebelt11eadultS’discoursepo、ver.AsAlanTrachtenbe唱suggests,Huckiscreatedtoproject“animageof、杭seiIulocencei11connict、机thcorruptioIl,ofnaturalmanacllieving36Conclusioni11dependenceofadepraVedsocie吼’,f1to8】P45Attlleve巧begiImingHuckisi姗ocem晰thllisownpuben)raIldnaiVete.HehopesfindanewquietplacetoliVebyesc印i119矗.omfatherandbeingciVilized.Ont11esurfIaCehe、Vaultstorebelagainsttheadultsdiscoursepower,iIlfkthewaIltstosearchforllisidentity.Butheisonllis仃ip;heerlcoumersdifrerentincidentsaIldmeetsdi虢rentpeople.Duringmesepainmlexperiences,theysuddemyrealizethattllereaJi够oftlleworldistotallydifrerentf而m、vhatmeythink,cmel,phony.Theyfeelsad,d印ressed,锄deVenindespaiL111enHuckloseshisi彻ocenceuIlderas咖ngpressure舶mtheoutsideenVirorunentaIldsocie吼Finallyherealizesmetmthofmesociet),.Itisthrou曲thisrebellionandtheinevitablefailurethatthechildrenbecomem锨玳。Generallyspe出ng,thisnoVeldepictsamisfitherocaughtupi11a、vorldthat印pearsapmliStine,materialisticandvulg配Formostofmetime,tlleprotagoniStismixtureofdeplorablea11dappeaJingqualities.【14】P50NomatterhowextensivetlleinnuenceofHuckis,hepresentstlletrueandgenuinefeelingofpaillS锄dpm2lementsoneduringtlleprocessofmaturing.刀理彳西P刀,甜陀矿日“c肼P6P,∥丹,2玎remainsthemeof罂。owing—up,whichcanoftheclaSsicsdealing谢tlltlleguidepeopletoexperience,reflect,thim:andbeauti母theworldforbothadultsaIldcllildren.HuckisbothloVelya11dnaugh劬withchildlikei皿ocenceand吼pretending900dnessbellindthe印pearanceofaVagabond.Heisa帅ical‘‘Americallboy”andhisreSpoIlsesrenects啪icalpuzzlememsi11tlle笋o、)l,ing-upofadolescents:re允salfor雠edomand、删ingn6cord;notsatisfiedwiththeup—t0一datetowardssomekiIldofescapeandexploration.Huckhelpsof‘‘ciVilization,’,lon百nglifeandpeopleenViroment,yeanlingseethelessattractiVeaSpectsofareadults…t11e伊eed,h),pocrisy'cruel劬cowa【rdiceintoage,t11eyareofwhichadultscapable.Whenpeoplecomecorruptedbythesociety…theu11iVersalVicetakestlleplaceoftlleirchildhoodiIlIlocence.37河北人学文学硕十学何论文RefIerences[1】高意.论马克-吐温著作《哈克贝利・芬历险记》中的悖论【D】.安徽:安徽大学,2006【2】LaurieChampion.砌Po耽讲尺唧D,zsPfD讹成m口加台舭批6P彬砌聆【C】.intheAdventllresNewY0rk:GreenwoodPress.1991theRiverandtheLandofHuckleber巧Finn”【3】ZhangLonghai.‘℃omment【J】.Foreign0nLitera:tureStudies,l“ATentatiVe998,(3).【4】“uY0n西ie.【J】.Joumal【5】ZhaoAnalysisofColloquⅢsminTheAdVentL鹏sofHucUebe丌yFi衄”ofShandongNo珊alUniVerSi够ofForeignLanguageDep砌1e咄2001,(4).NoVels”【J】.JoumalofHuizhen.“ApplicationoftheArche妙peofNoah’sArkinThreeAmericanSichuanIntemationalStudies,2003,(2).【6】DaiLin.“ANewCriticalReadingof砌P彳舭,zf姗络矿胁形姚6P,7y砌刀”【J】.ShandongForei印LanguagesTeachingJo啪al,2004,(4).Momlity”【J】.ForeignLiterature【7】ChengXin.“OnHuck’sUtilitariaIlStudies,2005,(2).【8】芮渝萍.美国成长小说研究【M】.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2004.【9】张德明.《哈克贝利・芬历险记》与成人仪式【J】.浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),1999,(4).【10】C盯lBode.肋劝红酌括Q翻朋P廊册£抛旭f甜陀【M】.waShin舀0nD.C.Inf0加鲥onTAgency,1971.【1l】A彻甜eRubinstein.彳所P,.记鲫工打Pr口f讹RDDf册d舶wP,.【M】.Beijing:Forei印LallguageTeachingandResearchPresS,1988.【l2】MordecaiMarcus.“wha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̄jrhomIhaVehadmeguidanceandmythesis.ItisshewhohaLso彘redmeVal诎lesuggestionsinmythesisalthoughshewaSbusywithherownwork.Itisshewhohasexaminedt11edraR诵thcloseanemionando丘’eredmedetailedrevision.Withouthergeneroushelp,Icouldhardlyhavecompletedmythesis.NextspecialthanksgoalsogaVemeat0H1ycolleague,JinXiangruandmyclose衔end,SuIlXiao,、Ⅳholotofhelpinthecompletionofmythesis.LaLstbmnotleaSt,伊ate如lacl(noWledgementismadetomyhusbanda11dmyparents.TheirencouragementandsupporthaVerelieVedmeof锄xietiesandtensionstllathaVeaccompaniedthewritingofthisthesis.Imp6ssibleas2Lsitistopresenta如111istoft11eirn锄es,I锄obligedtoexpressmyt11anksweU.42成长中的话语权利分析——解读马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》
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刘敏河北大学
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