A
History Fair Competition
Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation. History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past. It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become. Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition makes understanding history exciting, engaging, and fun！
This Year’s Theme
All participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history. To many people, technology means computers, hand-held devices, or vehicles that travel to distant planets. However, technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways.
Individuals or groups may enter one of the following categories： •Performance
•Documentary（纪实作品） •Essay Writing Category Requirements
Performance: A dramatic presentation of the topic no more than 10 minutes long. If special clothes are used，they should truly represent a given period.
Documentary: A visual presentation（such as a video，slide show，or computer project）no more than 10 minutes long. A desktop computer, screen, projector, and loudspeakers will be available. Students must provide their presentations on CDs before Friday, March 23.
Essay Writing: An academic paper of 2，000 to 2，500 words. No illustrations（图解）are allowed. Please do not include covers. A list of references must be included. Important Dates
January 5 Submit a topic proposal to your history teacher. The teacher may
require a second proposal if the first is off-topic or unclear.
February 5 Submit a first draft of your essay，performance script（剧本），or
documentary highlights.
February 19 A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions.
Students then have an opportunity to improve their products.
March 9 Submit a final draft of your essay.
March 15 Performance and documentary committee preview March 24 Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition
7：00 A. M—9：00A. M Participants signing in at the gym 10：00 A. M. —6：00PM. Competition and judges’ review 7：00 P.M. Awards ceremony and picnic 36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the major goal of understanding history? A. To preserve national traditions.
B. To prepare for a history competition. C. To better know the present and future.
D. To further explore historical mysteries. 37. What is the theme of this year’s competition? A. Technology advances science.
B. Science interacts with technology. C. Science has made the study of history easy.
D. Technology has improved the life of Americans.
38. Among the items provided by the school for a visual presentation are __________. A. special clothes and a screen
B. a desktop computer and a CD D. a desktop computer and loudspeakers
C. a projector and special clothes category requirement?
A. Include more information in the essay. C. Provide a cover for the essay.
B. Remove the references. D. Explain the details with illustrations.
39. What would a participant have to do with an essay of 1,500 words to meet the
40. What will the committee of teachers do on February 19?
A. Preview performances and documentaries.
B. Make comments on the materials. C. Improve the participant’s first draft.
答案：36-40:C DDAB
精讲精析： 一、总论： 1）话题分类：文娱 2）体裁：应用文 3）难易程度：易—中 4）试题来源：
二、词汇部分： 英文 vital dusty 中文 adj.至关重要的 adj.灰暗的;布满灰尘的
D. Collect a second proposal from the participant.
词汇精讲拓展 be vital doing sth.做某事至关重要的 vitality n.生命力;活力 n.dust 灰尘 v.dust 去除灰尘 object n.物体,物品;研objective adj 客观的 究对象;目标,objection n 反对 目的;宾语 object to doing sth拒绝做某事 v.反对 adj 极其重要的 n. essence 本质;精髓 adv. essentially 本质上,基本上,根本上 essential engaging adj 有趣的,迷engage v 吸引住;雇佣 人的, engaged adj 忙于做某事 be engaged in doing sth/on sth. engagement n 订婚;约会;雇佣 n 参与者 n 地址 v 说明;称呼;致函 participate (in) v 参加;参与 participation (in) n 参与 address sth to sb 想某人说某事 participant address transportation n 运输 promote quality v 提升;促进;晋升;促销 n 质量;素质,品德 n 设备;手段,策略 public transportation公共交通 transport v运输,运送 n promotion be／get promoted 升职 qualify v合格,具备资格; qualified adj 具备...资格;符合资质 qualification n 学历,资格,资质 device vehicle n 交通工具,车motor vehicle机动车辆 辆 adj 遥远的 distance n 距离 in a distance在远处,在远方 at a distance 久远地,遥远地 applied adj应用的,实用的 applicant n申请人 apply v 申请,应用,使用 science n科学 scientist n科学家 distant application n申请,应用 scientific adj 科学的 countless adj 数不尽的 count v数数 count on依靠 countable adj 可数的 -less后缀 worthless无价值的 priceless珍贵的,无价的 n个人 adj 单独的 n类别,种类 individually adv单独地 individualize adj使个性化 individuality n 个性化 categorize=classify v分类 individual category performance essay requirement dramatic n表演,表现 n文章 n必备条件 perform v履行 表演 performer n表演者 require v需求, 依靠 adj 戏剧性的;drama n戏剧 突然的,令人吃dramatist n编剧,戏剧家 惊的 adj 真正地 true adj真正的 truth n事实 representation n代表 truly represent v陈述,代表, period visual projector n时期 adj 视力的 n投影仪 periodic 周期性的 visualize v使形象化,视觉化 project v计划,投影,预测 projection n 推测,猜想 available adj 可获得的,be available to do 可做某事 有空的 availability n可用性 academic reference submit adj学术的 academy学院 n参考书目,参In/with reference to关于(所述内容) 考 v 提交,呈交;屈服,顺从 submission n提交;服从 admit承认，允许进入 permit承认 commit犯罪 commit murder谋杀 n promotion be／get promoted 升职 a proposal to do sth 提议做某事 propose: v建议,提议 off-topic view离题观点 promote v 提升;促进;晋升;促销 n 提议,建议 proposal off-topic adj 偏题的 unclear adj 不清楚的 clear adj 清楚的 clearly adv清晰地 n 草稿 v 起草 v强调 draft-draught-draught draft highlight highlight=emphasize committee n委员会 The committee has been dissolved. 委员会已经解散了 evaluation n 评估 evaluate=assess raw material原材料 materially adv 物质地 He has tried to help this child materially and spiritually..他尽力从物质上和精神上帮助这个小孩。 evaluate v评估 material n物质 adj 物质的 preview pre+view n预演,预展 v概述,扼要介绍 n体育馆 gymnastic adj 运动的，健身的 gymnast n 运动员 judgement n评判 Don't judge a book by its cover.不要以貌取人 compete v比赛 competitor n比赛者 competitive adj有竞争力的 receive/get/win an award for sth gym judge n评委 v评判 n比赛 competition award n/v 奖励 ceremony n 典礼,仪式 without ceremony不拘礼节 review
v/n复查,反思,re+view 评论,复习 三、短语部分： 英文 much more than 中文 不仅仅 英文 no more than 中文 不超过，仅仅 It's no more than a platitude. 无非是老生常谈。 hand-held devices 手拿设备 have an 有机会做某事 opportunity to do sign in
登记,签到 四、句子分析
1、Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.
2、It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become.
3、However, technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways.
4、The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off-topic or unclear. 五、篇章结构思维导图：
第一段main idea：通过说历史的重要性,引出history fair competition. 第二段main idea：展览的主题 第三段main idea：各个类别要求 第四段main idea：关于竞赛的重要日期
六、摘抄内容：
1）Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.
2）A list of references must be included.
B
I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books. There was not one night that I don’t remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside. I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.
I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing mom say, \"I can’t believe what’s printed in the newspaper this morning,\" made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself. I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the
things she knew. So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading.
This is how everyone learned to read. We would start off with sentences, then paragraphs, and then stories. It seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors. When mom said,\" The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden on the top shelf,\" I knew where the candy was. My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.
Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make A’s on my tests. Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn’t enjoy this type of reading. I liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.
Yet, now that I’m growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself needing a way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone. I don’t have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. I just read to relax.
We’re taught to read because it’s necessary for much of human understanding. Reading is a vital part of my life. Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I’ve found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless. 41. Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of mom’s hands? A. She wanted mom to read the news to her. B. She was anxious to know what had happened. C. She couldn’t wait to tear the newspaper apart. D. She couldn’t help but stop mom from reading.
42. According to Paragraph 3, the author’s reading of road signs indicates ___________.
A. her unique way to locate herself
B. her eagerness to develop her reading ability C. her effort to remind mom to obey traffic rules D. her growing desire to know the world around her. 43. What was the author’s view on factual reading? A. It would help her update test-taking skills. B. It would allow much room for free thinking. C. It would provide true and objective information. D. It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life. 44. The author takes novel reading as a way to___________. A. explore a fantasy land
B. develop a passion for leaning
D. get away from a confusing world
C. learn about the adult community A. The Magic of Reading C. Growing Up with Reading
答案：41-45:BDCDC
精讲精析： 一、总论： 1）话题分类：个人 2）体裁：记叙文 3）难易程度:中-难
4）背景知识：在作者的成长过程中，阅读对作者产生了很大的影响。作者认为，阅读是自己人生中不可缺少的事情。 5）试题来源：
二、词汇部分：
45. What could be the best title for the passage?
B. The Pleasure of Reading D. Reading Makes a Full Man
英文 memory 中文 n记忆 词汇精讲拓展 memories（可数） All the details of the meeting are fresh in my memory.我对会议的所有细节都记忆犹新。 memorize v记忆 by my bedside在我床边 bedside n床边 extremely adv非常，很 extreme adj非常的，极端的，过激的（一般修饰形容词） v启发，激励，鼓励 inspire confidence激起信心 inspire affection 激起喜爱之情 inspiration n 启发 aspire v立志，热望 elegance n优雅 Everyone admired her elegance and her beauty. 人人都羡慕她的优雅和美丽。 inspire elegant adj 优雅的 print print out 打印出（计算机文件） v复印 n指纹 印刷行业 v 抓住，利用，夺得 v假装，扮作，自称 v 判刑 n 句子 n 段落 grab one's attention=attract one's attention吸引某人注意 pretend to do sth假装做某事 Sometimes the boy pretended to be asleep 有时这个男孩会假装睡着了。 sentence to death判死刑 This paragraph can be left out. 这一段可以删去。 grab pretend sentence paragraph journey n trip travel journey辨析 hide-hid-hidden hidden adj 隐藏的 progress n进步，进progress不可数 程，上进，巡make progress取得进步 游 in progress正在发生 n好奇 curious adj好奇的 curiously adv好奇地 generous-generosity慷慨 curiosity sign n标记，标sign up for报名，注册 志，打手势 sign in签字，登记 v签署，示意 sign a contract签订合约 signature n署名，签名 adj 事实的，fact事实 in fact=as a matter of a fact事实上 真实的，确凿fact evidence事实证据 的 adv偶尔，间或 v分配，指定，委派 occasional adj不经常的，偶尔的， occasion n时刻，场合，理由，原因 on occasion有时候 assign to分配给 assignment n作业，任务，分配 factual occasionally assign concrete adj 具体的，concrete=specific =not abstract 实在的，物质in the concrete 具体地，事实上，实际上 的 v使具体 adj抽象的，abstract term抽象术语 理论上的 abstract method抽象法 n摘要 v提取，去除 abstract argument simple complex n争论，证据，争执 adj 简单的 adj 复杂的 argue v争吵 argue with sb on sth simply adv简单地 complex=complicated escape v/n 逃跑，避开 n/v负担，重担 adj 神秘的 escape from prison越狱 make an escape逃避 bear the burden背负重担 burden=load mystery n神秘的事，奥秘 remain a mystery仍然是个谜 burden mysterious character n角色，特character trait性格特征 色，性格，汉characteristic adj典型的，特有的，独特的 字 characterize v以....为典型 n技巧 technique=skill technique necessary adj必要的 necessarily =inevitably adv必然地，不可避免地 not necessarily 未必 necessity：n必然，必要，必需品 satisfaction n 满足 satisfied adj满足的 be satisfied with satisfactory adj 令人满足的 desire for sth/to do sth=long for sth/to do sth渴望某事/做某事 satisfy a desire=meet a desire满足欲望 satisfy v使满足 desire v/n 渴望，欲望 possibility n可能性 possible adj 可能的 impossible adj 不可能的 possibly adv 可能地 limit n/v限制，限定 ； lower limit下限 upper limit上限 beyond the limit 超出限度 limited adj 有限的 limitless adj无限的 三、短语部分： 英文 deal with 中文 英文 中文 假装做某事 处理;应付;与…打交道;pretend to do sth 克制（不快情感） 从…开始;从…着手;使（某人）开始（做某事）;使开始 raise my curiosity start off 激起我的好奇心 a way to do sth 做某事的方法
四、句子分析
1、I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books.
2、Hearing mom say, \"I can’t believe what’s printed in the newspaper this morning,\" made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself.
3、By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character.
4、I don’t have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. 五、篇章结构思维导图：
第一二三段main idea：从小时候起,阅读对作者的吸引
第四段main idea：小初高时期对阅读的理解 第五段main idea：成长后,作者对阅读的新的理解 第六段main idea：升华,说明阅读在人生中的重要性
六、摘抄内容：
We’re taught to read because it’s necessary for much of human understanding. Reading is a vital part of my life. Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I’ve found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless.
C
How does an ecosystem（生态系统）work？What makes the populations of different species the way they are？Why are there so many flies and so few wolves？To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.
With such models，scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs，for instance，consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator（掠食动物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey（猎物），the two species are strongly linked；when a predator lives on various species，they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species，it can survive the extinction（灭绝）of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare，the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.
Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable，where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s，scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species---including species they did not directly attack.
And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean，we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale，while on land，we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.
Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally，the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key，scientists says because once ecosystems pass their tipping point（临界点），it is remarkably difficult for them to return. 46. What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs？
A. The living habits of species in food webs. B. The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems. C. The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems. D. The differences between weak and strong links in food webs. 47. A strong link is found between two species when a predator______. A. has a wide food choice B. can easily find new prey C. sticks to one prey species D. can quickly move to another place 48. What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline？
A. The prey species they directly attack will die out.
B. The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators. C. The living environment of other species will remain unchanged. D. The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes. 49. What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4？ A. Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems. B. Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats. C. Species of commercial value dominate other species. D. Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.
50. How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance？ A. By getting illegal practices under control. B. By stopping us from killing large predators.
C. By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal. D. By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.
答案：46-50：BCDAD
精讲精析： 一、总论：
1）话题分类：环境 2）体裁：说明文 3）难易程度:中-难
4）背景知识：最近科学家们建立了一些关于食物网的数学模型以帮助人们更好地了解生态系统的运作以及如何维持生态系统的平衡。 5）试题来源：
二、词汇部分： 英文 population species 中文 n人口 n种类 词汇精讲拓展 countries with ageing populations 人口老龄化的国家 a species/ two species Pandas are an endangered species. 熊猫是濒危物种。 wolves狼 小偷thief 妻子wife 命life 架子shelf 自己self 叶子leaf一片 loaf wolf n.狼 mathematical adj 数学的 mathematical analysis 数学分析 mathematical knowledge数学知识 mathematically adv数学地 mathematics=maths n note n 笔记，批注 take notes 做笔记 v注意，指notable adj显著的，值得注意的 n名人 出，提及 n 原则，法规 in principle 原则上，大体上 principal adj 主要的 n校长 rule=regulation规则 v 操作，控制 operate a company经营一个公司 运转 operation n 手术，经营，操作 cooperate v 合作 v 由...组成 存在于 consist of 由...组成 consist in sth 存在于 assist v帮助 resist v抵抗 insist v坚持 persist坚持 strongly adv强壮地 strength n力量 strengthen v 加强 principle operate consist strong adj 强壮的 link v 联系 click on a link点击一个链接 n 关系，纽带 link A to B 把ab联系起来 通信手段 同：connect relate unite adj 各种各样的 v 控制，支配，主宰 n 安排 variety n 多样 a variety of各种各样的 vary v变化 同 diverse dominant adj 占优势的，支配的，统治的 dominance n 优势，统治，支配 arrange v 安排 rearrange v再次安排 range n山脉，范围 various dominate arrangement stable adj 稳定的，；牢固的，稳重的 stably adv 平稳地，坚固地 stability n 稳定性，稳定 stable state 稳定状态 同：steady 稳定的 settled固定的 firm 坚定的，牢固的 survive v 生存，幸存 survive from从....幸存 survival n幸存 adj 稀有的，珍贵的 rarely adv 很少，罕见，不常 rare switch n转换，开关 press the switch 按开关 v转换 witch 女巫 同 shift v 转换 adj 原始的，最初的 origin n起源，根源 originally adv 起初，原来 同：initial 最初的 recover from 从....恢复 recovery n 康复 discover v 发现 discovery n 发现 同：expose v揭示 uncover v揭露 disclose v公开，揭露 exposure n 暴露，曝光 have an effect on对...有影响 take effect 生效，实施 come into effect开始生效 in effect 事实上，实际上 be of no effect无效 affect v 影响 effective adj 有效的 effectively adv 高效地 同：impact influence effort afford effect区别 entirely adv 完全地 同：whole complete original recover v 恢复，康复，复原 v 揭示，透露，揭露 n 影响 reveal effect entire adj 整个的，完全的 propose v 提出，建propose to do sth建议做某事=suggest 议，打算，求doing=advise sb to do proposal n提议，建议，求婚 婚 n 数量 any amount of = a great quantity of大量的 v 合计，共计 amount to sth 共计 adv 直接地 direct adj直接的 indirectly 间接地 indirect adj 直接的 direction 方向 terrorist attack 恐怖袭击 attack on sth/sb 抨击 prove to be wrong证明是错的 同 confirm testify ideal 理想的 idea 主意 industry n 工业，行业，勤奋 industry and agriculture 工农业 industrious adj 勤奋的 amount directly attack prove v 攻击 v证明 ideally adv 理想的 industrial adj 工业的 scale balance n 范围，程度 scale down 缩小，衰弱 等级 to some scale 某种程度上 n 平衡 均衡 余额 v使平衡 pay a balance 支付余额 imbalanced adj 不平衡的 prevention n 预防，防止 prevent v 防止，阻止 prevent/keep/stop...from doing 防止做某事 v 使适应，改adapt to do sth适应做 编，改造 adapt oneself to适应 adaptable adj 能适应的 同adjust suit适应 adapt remarkably adv 非凡地，remarkable adj 非凡的，显著的，引人注目的 显著地，引人remark n 评论，建议 注目地 三、短语部分： 英文 in the long term 中文 从长远来看 英文 consist of 中文 由...组成 lead to 导致 based on 基于
四、句子分析
1、To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.
2、And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare，the switch allows the original prey to recover.
三、Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable，where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems.
四、In the 1960s，scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species---including species they did not directly attack.
五、篇章结构思维导图：
第一段main idea：总起，提出食物链的数学建模
第二-四段main idea：食物链数学建模帮助人们了解生态系统的运作 第五段main idea：如何维持生态系统平衡
六、摘抄内容：
1.These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.
2.The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.
3.Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models.
D
Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？
We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But，if we are willing to lean，the opportunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我）, whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.
Many of us equate（视…等同于）“commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence—whether they are driving a truck, or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson. 51. The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_________. A. loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity B. age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal
C. misery inspires a man to fight against his fate D. disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success
52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A. End one's struggle for liberty. B. Waste one's energy taking risks. C. Miss the opportunity to succeed. D. Lose the interest to continue learning. 53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？
A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped. B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead. C. Opportunity favors those with a curious mind. D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.
54. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5？ A. A tough man can tolerate suffering. B. A wise man can live without self-pity.
C. A man should try to satisfy people around him. D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life. 55. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？ A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life. B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work. C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning. D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
答案：51-55：BDCDA
精讲精析： 一、总论：
1）话题分类：个人 2）体裁：议论文 3）难易程度:中-难
4）背景知识：本文论述如何过有意义的成年生活。 5）试题来源：
二、词汇部分： 英文 中文 词汇精讲拓展 struggle n/v奋斗;努力;struggle for sth奋斗；努力；争取 争取;艰难地行struggle against/with sb/sth斗争；抗争 进 n债务 pay off the debt还清债务 deeply in debt 深陷债务之中 debt misfortune n.厄运，灾难不幸 fortune n 幸运 fortunate adj 幸运的 fortunately adv 不幸地 injury n 伤害，损伤 injure v 伤害，损害 injured adj n 作用;功能 v起作用 functional adj实用的，能运作的 function motive n 动机，目的 motivation n 动机，动力 motivate v 激励，激发 motivated adj有激情的 v造成，形成 position n位置，姿态 摆姿势，佯装 pose a threat造成威胁 同：posture n必不可少的;vital adj必不可少的，对..重要的 对…极重要的;同：essential vital crucial critical decisive indispensable 生命的 n 创造力，创 create v创造 造性 creative adj 有创造力的 creation n创造 creature n 生物 creator n创造者 v 采取，收养 adaption n 采用，收养 adopter n收养人 adoptee n 被收养者 pose vitality creativity adopt attitude n态度 negative attitude消极态度 positive attitude 积极态度 altitude高度 fix v修理，使固定 fix up修理 fixed adj固定的;不变的 progressively adv 逐渐地， progress n进步，前进 progressive adj 进步的，先进的 adj 窄小的;勉narrowly adv勉强地 强的;狭隘的;目光短浅的 v.使窄小;变窄;缩小 n专门化 special adj特别的 specialize v 专门研究 专攻 specialist n专家 specialized adj专业的，专有的 mature adj成熟的 involved adj 参与，关注，复杂的，由关联的 involve sb in doing sth 使某人参与做某事 bear-bore-born wear-wore-worn 穿，磨损 tear-tore-torn 撕，拉扯 avoid doing sth避免做某事 avoidance n避免 eventual adj最终的 enthusiastic adj热情的=passionate enthusiastically adv 热情地 同：warmth narrow specialization maturity involve bear n成熟 v包含，参加加入 v忍受，不适于做某事 avoid eventually enthusiasm v避免 adv 最终地 n 热情 commitment n承诺，保证 commit v 犯（错误），做（错事） 奉献 committed adj 坚定的，尽心尽力的 make a commitment to sb向某人承诺 adj 道德的 morality n道德 morally adv 道德上 moralize v 说教 moral character 品德 同：ethical occupy v占领，使用 occupy in从事某事 occupied adj 使用中，忙于 admire v钦佩，赞赏，羡慕 admire sb for sth因某事欣赏某人 value n/v价值 moral occupation n 工作;职业;消遣;业余活动;侵占 adj令人钦佩的 adj 珍贵的 admirable valuable
三、短语部分： 英文 in prison 中文 从长远来看 英文 driven by 中文 由...组成 determine to do appeal to get to the top trap in keep on doing 导致 吸引，呼吁 到达顶部 陷入 坚持做 it turns out to fail to succeed in be willing to bet on 证明是，结果是 不能做某事 成功做某事 愿意做某事 赌……
四、句子分析
1、And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？
2、We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark.
3、However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我）, whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.
4、People who work toward such excellence—whether they are driving a truck, or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are.
五、篇章结构思维导图：
第一至二段main idea：讲述Cervantes的故事来引出主题。 第二-四段main idea：
第三-第五段main idea：
六、摘抄内容：
1.The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
2.With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我）, whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.
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