Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to your parents or any family members upon making memorable achievement. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A)The International Labor Organization's key objective. B)The basic social protection for the most vulnerable. C)Rising unemployment worldwide. D)Global economic recovery.
2. A)Many countries have not taken measures to create enough jobs. B)Few countries know how to address the current economic crisis. C)Few countries have realized the seriousness of the current crisis. D)Many countries need support to improve their people's livelihood. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A)Serve standardized food nationwide. B)Put calorie information on the menu. C)Increase protein content in the food. D)Offer convenient food to customers. 4. A)They will be fined. B)They will be closed. C)They will get a warning. D)They will lose customers.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A)Inability to implement their business plans. B)Inability to keep turning out novel products.
C)Lack of a successful business model of their own.
D)Failure to integrate innovation into their business.
6. A)It is the secret to business success. B)It is the creation of something new. C)It is a magic tool to bring big rewards. D)It is an essential part of business culture. 7. A)Its hardworking employees. B)Its flexible promotion strategy. C)Its innovation culture.
D)Its willingness to make investments.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once. After you hear a question. You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A)He's got addicted to technology. B)He is not very good at socializing. C)He is crazy about text-messaging. D)He does not talk long on the phone. 9. A)Talk big.
B)Talk at length. C)Gossip a lot. D)Forget herself.
10. A)He thought it was cool. B)He needed the practice.
C)He wanted to stay connected with them. D)He had an urgent message to send. 11. A)It poses a challenge to seniors. B)It saves both time and money. C)It is childish and unprofessional. D)It is cool and convenient.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A)He wants to change his job assignment.
B)He is unhappy with his department manager. C)He thinks he deserves extra pay for overtime. D)He is often singled out for criticism by his boss.
13. A)His workload was much too heavy. B)His immediate boss did not trust him. C)His colleagues often refused to cooperate. D)His salary was too low for his responsibility. 14. A)He never knows how to refuse. B)He is always ready to help others. C)His boss has a lot of trust in him. D)His boss has no sense of fairness. 15. A)Put all his complaints in writing. B)Wait and see what happens next. C)Learn to say no when necessary. D)Talk to his boss in person first.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A)The importance of sleep to a healthy life. B)Reasons for Americans' decline in sleep. C)Some tips to improve the quality of sleep. D)Diseases associated with lack of sleep. 17. A)They are more health-conscious. B)They are changing their living habits. C)They get less and less sleep.
D)They know the dangers of lack of sleep. 18. A)Their weight will go down.
B)Their mind function will deteriorate. C)Their work efficiency will decrease. D)Their blood pressure will rise.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A)How much you can afford to pay. B)What course you are going to choose.
C)Which university you are going to apply to. D)When you are going to submit your application. 20. A)The list of courses studied. B)The full record of scores.
C)The references from teachers. D)The personal statement.
21. A)Specify what they would like to do after graduation. B)Describe in detail how much they would enjoy studying. C)Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject. D)Emphasize that they admire the professors in the university. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A)It was equipped with rubber tyres. B)It was built in the late 19th century. C)It was purchased by the Royal family. D)It was designed by an English engineer. 23. A)They consumed lots of petrol. B)They took two passengers only. C)They were difficult to drive. D)They often broke down.
24. A)They were produced on the assembly line. B)They were built with less costly materials. C)They were modeled after British cars. D)They were made for ordinary use. 25. A)It made news all over the world. B)It was built for the Royal family. C)It marked a new era in motor travel. D)It attracted large numbers of motorists.
Part III Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Physical activity does the body good, and there's growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, 26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a 27 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic 28 , investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school, 29 in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.
The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30 on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. 31 in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be 32 exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are 34 to learning. And
exercise releases hormones that can improve 35 and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they're running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well. A)attendance E)dropping I)mood M)review B)consequently F)essential J)mutually N)survive C)current G)feasible K)particularly O)tend D)depressing H)flow L)performance Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, Too
[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.
[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype（固定看法)? Can doing one's homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.
[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do. [D] The most recent of these studies, published in The journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes（known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities.
[E] “We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don't families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can't?
[F] In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.
[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents' responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,” Dr. Robison
explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.
[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living（even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can't just say, 'Let's put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,'” Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.” [I] Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility's type, size or age；whether a chain owned it；how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents' physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there.
[J] As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones.（More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)
[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician（老年病学专家)at the University of North Carolina:“In a way, that could be liberating for families.”
[L] Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don't have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy,” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.
[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned；nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.
[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.
36. Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.
37.Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important.
38.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.
39.How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.
40.The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.
41.The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.
42.At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.
43.What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.
44.The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living. 45.A resident's satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there. Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing
concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.
Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it's necessary to translate our morals into AI language.
For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn't want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values,” said Russell.
Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn't think that's the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.
It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.
Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.
The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they've produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌).
One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.
If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps（嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren't quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.
The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.
46.What does the author say about the threat of robots?
A)It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers. B)It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.
C)It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language. D)It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.
47.What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author? A)They are aggressive. B)They are outgoing.
C)They are ignorant. D)They are ill-bred. 48.How do robots learn human values?
A)By interacting with humans in everyday life situations. B)By following the daily routines of civilized human beings. C)By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior. D)By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings. 49.What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?
A)Keep a distance from possible dangers. B)Stop to seek advice from a human being. C)Trigger its built-in alarm system at once. D)Do sufficient testing before taking action. 50.What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?
A)Determine what is moral and ethical. B)Design some large-scale experiments.
C)Set rules for man-machine interaction. D)Develop a more sophisticated program. Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity（长寿）?Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.
The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic （神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.
Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.
Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.
Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother's personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that
those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.
Personality isn't destiny（命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn't just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health. 51. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is____. A)to see whether people's personality affects their life span B)to find out if one's lifestyle has any effect on their health C)to investigate the role of exercise in living a long life D)to examine all the factors contributing to longevity
52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people? A)They have a good understanding of evolution. B)They are better at negotiating an agreement. C)They generally appear more resourceful. D)They are more likely to get over hardship.
53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation? A)Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.
B)Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times. C)Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity. D)Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity. 54. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?
A)Children's personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers. B)People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner. C)Mothers' influence on children may last longer than fathers'.
D)Mothers' negative personality characteristics may affect their children's life spans. 55.What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?
A)Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one's life span. B)Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health. C)Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.
D)Health is in large part related to one's lifestyle.
Part IV Translation
Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
功夫（Kong Fu) 是中国武术（martial arts）的俗称。中国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要，狩猎活动以及古代中国的军士训练。它是中国传统体育运动的一种，年轻人和老年人都练。它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素。作为中国的国宝，武术有上百种不同的风格，是世界上练得最多的武术形式。有些风格模仿了动物的动作，还有一些则受到了中国哲学思想，神话和传说的启发。 答案速查 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. B 7.C 8.D 9. B 10. A 11.C 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. A 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. D 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C 26.O 27. M 28. L 29. K 30. N 31. E 32. J 33. H 34. F 35.I 36. E 37. L 38. B 39. H 40. N 41. J 42. F 43. C 44.I 45. G 46. C 47. D 48. C 49. B 50. A
51. A 52. D 53. C 54. D 55. B
参考答案及解析
参考范文 ?Dear Jack,
?????I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude for the continuous assistance you and your family have offered to me these years. Firstly, your continuous help have made me a splendid academic achievement in my study career. Secondly, your family are friendly and make me feel at home when every time I visit you. Thirdly, the Chinese food you have brought me is delicious and I enjoy it so much. At last, I miss the Christmas night with you forever. In a word, my appreciation to you is beyond words. Besides, It is really an honor for me to be your friend and I will cherish the goodwill you have showed to me wherever I go. In the coming year, I hope that you and your family would come and visit America one day. Sincerely yours,
????????????????????????????????????????? ??????Li Ming
Listening Comprehension Section A
(1 ) The International Labor Organization says the number of people without jobs is increasing. In its latest update on global employment trends, the agency says projections of the number of unemployed people this year range from 210 million to nearly 240 million people. The report warns that 200 million poor workers are at risk of joining the ranks of people living on less than 2 dollars per day in the past three years. The director general of the International Labor Organization Juan Somavia notes that some countries have taken measures to address the effects of the global crisis.
(2) However, he points out that many countries have not done so. And based on past experiences, it takes four to five years after economic recovery for unemployment to return to pre-crisis levels. Mr. Somavia says the International Labor Organization is proposing a global jobs ' agreement to deal with unemployment. “Its key objective is to place the center of recovery efforts—measures that would generate high levels of employment and provide basic social protection for the most vulnerable. \"
1. What is the news report mainly about? [参考答案]C
[解题技巧]选项A是国际劳工组织的主要目标，选项B是对弱势群体的社会保障，选项C是世界各地 失业率增长，选项D是全球经济复苏。由选项可知，此题应与失业或就业有关。 [答案详解]新闻开头提到国际劳工组织公布，失业人数持续上涨。接下来提到一些国家采取措施应 对全球危机，而有些国家则没有重视此危机。对此，国际劳工组织提出处理失业的协议。选项C全面地 概括了新闻报道的大意。故选C。
2. What does, Juan Somavia, director general of the International Labor Organization say? [参考答案]A
[解题技巧]选项A是许多国家都没有采取措施创造足够的工作机会，选项B是很少国家知道怎么处 理当前的经济危机，选项C是很少国家意识到目前危机的严重性，选项D是许多国家需要支持来改善国民的生活。由选项可知，此题应与与家和经济危机有关。
[答案详解]总干事说现在许多国家还没有采取措施处理全球危机。故选A。选项B中许多国家没有采取措施,并不意味着它们不知道怎么处理;选项C和选项D未提及。
(3) Big fast food chains in New York City have started to obey a first-of-its-kind rule, requiring them to post calorie counts right on the menu. Cathy Nonas is with the New York City Department of Health. uWe wanted to give people an opportunity to actually see the calories before they purchase the food and make a decision and inform decision. That if they want to make their healthier choice, if they want to eat fewer calories, they can. And we expect this will have a huge impact on obesity. And of course, if it has an impact on obesity, it will have an impact on diabetes, and heart disease, and high blood pressure. M The new rules will be introduced as a part of anti-obesity campaign that also includes a recent citywide ban on artificial trans fats in restaurant food. The menu rule only applies to restaurants that serve standardized potion sizes and have fifty or more locations nationwide. Starting last Saturday, (4) ctiains big enough to fall under the rnle will face penalties about 2,000 dollars for not showing calorie information in a prominent spot on their menus, preferably next to the price.
3. What are big fast food chains in New York City required to do according to the new rule? [参考答案]B
[解题技巧]选项A是在全国范围内提供标准食物，选项B是在菜单上标注有关卡路里的信息，选项C
是在食物中增加蛋白质含量，选项D是给顾客提供快餐。由选项可知，此题应与食物有关。 [答案详解]新闻开头提到，要遵守的第一条规则就是在菜单上标明有关卡路里的信息。故选B。其他选项未提及。
4. What will happen to big restaurant chains that violate the new rule? [参考答案]A
[解题技巧]选项A是它们会被罚款，选项B是它们会停业，选项C是它们会被警告，选项D是它们将失去顾客。由选项可知，此题应与某事件的结果有关。
[答案详解]新闻中提到如果违背规则，就会被罚约两千美金，故选A。其他选项未提及。
(5) Almost all companies recognize the importance of innovation today, but not many are able to integrate innovation into their business. A commentary in the Shanghai Daily points out that innovation doesn ' t mean piles of documents. It' s something more practical.
(6) The article says many people tend to assume that innovation just means creating something new, but actually it ' s more than that. It's an attitude of doing things. A company should find ways to innovate not just in products but also in functions, business models and processes.
(7) The article cites the global ^iant Procter & Gamble as an example, saying a real innovative company should develop an innovation culture and use it as a primary tool for success. Procter & Gamble has a \"Corporate Innovation Fund\which offers big rewards for high-risk ideas that succeed. It also has a special innovation facility for its employees. Sometimes its employees are released from their daily jobs for weeks, and spend their time interacting in the innovation facility instead. In conclusion, the article says innovative ideas alone do not ensure success. It's pointless unless there is a repeatable process in place to turn inspiration into financial performance.
5. what is the problem with many companies according to the news report? [参考答案]D
[解题技巧]选项A是没有能力实施它们的工作计划，选项B是没有能力持续生产新奇产品，选项C是缺少它们自己的成功商业模式，选项D是没有将创新融入它们的工作。由选项可知，此题应与公司的问题有关。
[答案详解]新闻开头提到今天几乎所有公司都意识到创新的重要性，但能将创新融入工作的
并不多。故选D。选项B中没有能力持续生产新奇产品,这是人们对创新的错误看法。选项A和选项C未提及。
6. What do many people tend to think of innovation? [参考答案]B
[解题技巧]选项A是它是公司成功的秘诀，选项B是它是创造新的东西，选项C是它是带来巨大收益 的神奇工具，选项D是它是公司文化的重要部分。由选项可知,此题应与某物的功能有关。
[答案详解]新闻中提到一些人认为创新就是创造新的东西。故选B。 7. What does the company Procter & Gamble owe its success to? [参考答案]C
[解题技巧]选项A是努力工作的员工，选项B是灵活的促销措施，选项C是创新的文化观念，选项D 是投资意愿。由选项可知，此题应与公司的发展措施有关。
[答案详解]新闻中提到宝洁公司认为，真正的创新是要有创新的文化，这是成功的基本工 具。故选C。 Section B
Conversation One
lM：So, Linzy, do you like to text message on your cell phone? W: Yeah, I text message a lot.
M ： I don' t do it so much. I prefer to make a call if T m in a hurry. W ： Yeah, I go both ways. Sometimes I don ' t really want to talk to the person. I just want to ask
them one question, so it，s much easier for me just to text message. (9) If 1 call them，I'll have to have a long conversation.
M ： Yeah, I can see what you mean. (8) But I get off the phone pretty quickly when I call. I ' m not a big talker. W:Yeah, that's true. You don't talk a lot.
M ：So are you fast at writing the messages with your thumb?
W ： Well, when I first got a cell phone, I was so slow. I thought I would never text message. But
then people kept text-messaging me, so I felt obliged to learn how to text message. So now I' m pretty fast. What about you?
M ： Actually I have the opposite problem. (10) When I first got my cell phone, I thought it was
so cool to text message all my friends who have one, and I was pretty fast with my thumb then. But it seems like now I don11 use it so much. I' ve got slower actually. W ： Yeah, I think text messaging actually sort of has to do with your age. For example, people in
high school, they text message a lot. But I asked my father if he texted messages, and guess what he said? M ： What?
W: He said he'd never text message. ( 11) He thinks it ' s very childish and unprofessional to text message.
M：Yeah, I can see what he means. It' s considered pretty informal to text message to someone. 8. What does the man say about himself? [参考答案]D
[解题技巧]选项A是他沉迷于科技，选项B是他不擅长社交，选项C是他很热衷于发短信，选项D是 他打电话时间不长。由选项可知，此题应与男士的习惯有关。
[答案详解]对话中提到他打电话的时候很快就挂断了，他不喜欢说太久。故选D。对话提到男士刚有 手机的时候对发短信很狂热，而并非现在，选项C错误。选项A和选项B未提
及.
9. What does the woman tend to do while she is on the phone? [参考答案]B
[解题技巧]选项A是说大话，选项B是说得很久，选项C是很八卦，选项D是忘乎所以。由选项可知， 此题应与某人的说话有关。
[答案详解】对话中提到女士只要一打电话就会说得很久。故选B。
10. Why did the man text message all his friends when he first got his cell phone? [参考答案]A
[解题技巧]选项A是他认为很酷，选项B是他需要练习，选项C是他想和他们保持联系，选项D是他有紧急信息要发送。由选项可知,此题应与男士的想法有关。
[答案详解]对话中提到他刚有手机的时候认为给有手机的朋友发信息很酷。故选A。其他选项均未 提及。
11. What does the woman' s father think of text messaging? [参考答案]C
[解题技巧]选项A是它对年长的人有挑战性，选项B是它节省时间和钱，选项C是它是幼稚的、不专 业的，选项D是它是酷的、方便的。由选项可知，此题应与某事有关。
[答案详解]对话中提到女十的父亲认为发短信是幼稚且不专业的，故选C。其他选项均未提及。
Conversation Two
W：Good moming, Mr. Johnson. How can I help you?
M： Well, I' d like to talk to you about Tim Bond, the department manager. W：What seems to be the problem?
M: Well, ever since Sandra left the department，（ 12) I feel like I've been targeted to do all her
work as well as mine. I'm expected to attend too many meetings and I seem to be spending a lot of my time doing unnecessary paper work. W ： I'm sorry to hear that. M : And，on top of that，（ 13 _ 1 ) I'd specifically asked if I could leave early last Friday as J done
a lot of overtime during the week. But that afternoon, even though I'd finished my assigned work, I was told to help other colleagues finish their work，too.
W： ( 14) But surely that' s a positive sign showing that Mr. Bond has a lot of trust in you.
M ： Yest (13 -2) but other colleagues get to leave early, and they don ' t have such a lot of work
to do.
W：So you feel he's really making unrealistic demands on you? M ： Yes, absolutely.
W：Have you approached Mr. Bond about this particular problem? M ：I' ve tried, but it seems like he just has no time for me.
W ：Well, at this stage, it would be better if you approached him directly. If nothing else showing
that you' ve tried to solve the problem yourself before you take it further, make it clear that you ' re just not a complainer.
(15) Why don' t you send an email requesting a meeting with him in private? M：Hmm, I' ve been a bit worried about his reaction. But anyway, I'll send him an email to request
a meeting, and I 'll see what happens through that. Thanks for your advice. W ：Good luck. And let us know the outcome.
12. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
[参考答案]B
[解题技巧]选项A是他想要改变他的T.作任务分配，选项B是他对他的主管不满，选项C是他认为 他应得到额外的加班费，选项D是他经常被老板批评。由选项可知，此题应与男士的工作有关。
[答案详解]对话提到他的老板分配给他很多任务，除了做自己的,还要做别人的。他要出席太多会 议，似乎花费很多个人时间在做一些不必要的文书工作。故选B。其他选项未提及。 13. What is the man's chief complaint? [参考答案]A
[解题技巧]选项A是他的工作埴太大，选项B是他的立接领导不信任他，选项C是他的同事经常拒 绝和他合作，选项I)是相对他在工作中承担的责任而言,他的工资太低。由选项可知，此题应与男士的 工作情况有关。
[答案详解]对话中提到其他的同事工作量小,都可以早下班。而他本来以为自己完成任务了可以早走,结果老板又让他帮助其他同事完成工作任务。故选A。其他选项未提及。
14. How does the woman interpret the fact tliat the man was asked to help His colleagues with
their work? [参考答案]C
[解题技巧]选项A是他从来不知道怎么拒绝，选项B是他总是乐于助人，选项C是他的老板很信任 他.选项D是他的老板没有公平观念。由选项可知,此题应与男士的经历有关。 [答案详解]对话提到女士认为男士的老板相信他,才让他做那么多事情。故选C。其他选项未提及。
15. What did the woman advise the man to do? [参考答案]D
[解题技巧]选项A是把所有抱怨写下来，选项B是等待并看看接下来会发生什么，选项C是在必要 时候学会说“不”，选项D是先单独跟他老板谈谈。由选项可知，此题应与解决方法有关。
[答案详解] 对话中女士建议男士发送邮件约老板单独见面谈谈。故选D。其他选项未提及。 Section C Passage One
The massive decline in sleep happened so slowly and quietly that few seemed to notice the trend. Was it becrause of the growing attraction of the Internet, video games and endless TV channels? Never disconnecting from work? No matter how it happened, millions of Americans are putting their health, quality of life and even length of life in danger. (16 - 1) New evidence shows why getting enough sleep is a top priority. Some 40% of Americans get less than 7 hours of shut-eye on week nights. “The link between sleep and health, and bad sleep and disease is becoming clearer and clearer,” says LawTence Alberstaine, a sleep expert at Harvard University. For example, (17) sleep duration has declined from some 8 hours in the 1950s to 7 in recent years. Al the same time, high blood pressure has become an increasing problem. Blood pressure and heart rate are typically at their lowest levels during sleep. (18) People who sleep less tend to have higher blood pressure, heart attack, diabetes, weight gain and other problems. Sleeping better may help fight off illness. When people are sleep-deprived, there are higher levels of stress hormones in their Ixxlies which can decrease iminune function. says Doctor Felice, of Northwestern University in Chicago. (16-2) A university of Chicago study shows people who sleep well live longer. So say \"good night\16. What is the speaker mainly talking about? [参考答案]A
[解题技巧]选项A是睡眠对健康生活的东要性，选项B是美国人睡觉时间减少的原因，选项C是改 善睡眠质量的几点建议，选项D是疾病和睡眠不足有联系。由选项可知，此题应与睡眠有关。
[答案详解]短文中提到新的数据证明为什么充足的睡眠是最电要的，后面给出事实,最后短文中又 提到“睡得好，活得久”的研究结果，推测出短文主要说的是睡眠对健康的重要性。故选A。选项B文中 虽有提及，但并不是主要讨论内容;选项C未提及'作者证明睡眠重要性时给出的例证可证明选项D 中的观点正确，但不是主要论述的内容 17. What do we learn from the talk about today's Americans? [参考答案]C
[解题技巧]选项A是他们更有健朿意识，选项B是他们正在改变生活习惯，选项C是他们的睡眠越 来越少，选项D是他们知道缺乏睡眠的危害。由选项可知,此题应与—些人的生活习惯有关。
[答案详解]短文中提到他们的睡眠时间从20世纪50年代的8小时左右减少到近几年的7小时,说明他 们的睡觉时间越来越少。故选C。选项B中生活习惯包括各个方面，答案太泛化。选项A和选项D未提及。
18. What does the speaker say will happen to people who lack sleep? [参考答案]D
[解题技巧]选项A是他们的体重下降，选项B是他们的思维功能退化，选项C是他们的工作效率下 降，选项D是他们的血压升高。由选项可知，此题应与一些人的身体状况有关。 [答案详解]短文中提到睡眠时间缺乏将导致血压升高。故选D。 Passage Two
Parents and teachers will tell you not to worr)1 wlien applying for a place at a university. But in the same breath we will remind you that it is the most important decision of your life. (19) The first decision is your choice of course. It will depend on what you want to get out of university, what you are good at and what you enjoy. The next decision is where to apply. Aim high but within reason. Do you have the right combinalion of subjects and are your expected grades likely to meet entry requirements? The deadline is January 15th. But it is best to submit your application early because universities begin work as soon as forms start rolling in. (20) The most important part of the application is the much feared personal statement. This is your chance to convey boundless enthusiasm for the subject. So economy of expression is foremost. Omit dull and ineffective generalities and make sure you give concrete examples. (21 - 1) Admissions officers read ever>r personal statement that arrives. It is not convincing if you say you have chosen the subject because you enjoy it. You have to get across what it is about a particular area that has inspired you. (21 - 2) They will look for evidence that you have reflected and thought about the subject. Appli- cants should be honest. There is no point saying you run marathons, if you are going to be out of breath arriving at the interview on the second floor. _____________
19. What is the first decision you should make in preparing to apply for a place at a university? [参考答案]B
[解题技巧]选项A是你能够支付多少，选项B是你将选择什么课程，选项C是你想申请哪所大学，选项D是什么时候递交你的申请。由选项可知，此题应与上大学前的准备工作有关。
[答案详解]短文中提到第一个决定是课程的选择。故选B。选项A未提及，选项C中你想申请哪所
大学是第二个选择，选项D是选择大学之后要做的事情。
20. What is the most important part of the application? [参考答案]D
[解题技巧]选项A是课程学习单，选项B是成绩的所有记录，选项C是老师的推荐，选项D是个人陈述。由选项可知,此题应与学生有关。
[答案详解]短文中提到最重要的是个人的陈述。故选D。其他选项未提及。 21. What must applicants do in their personal statements? [参考答案]C
[解题技巧]选项A是具体细化毕业后想做的事情，选项B是详细描述他们多么喜欢学习，选项C是表明他们已经思考过这个学科，选项D是强调他们钦佩大学的教授。由选项可知,此题应与学生有关。
[答案详解]短文中提到管理者将会看你的每一条陈述，看你对这门学科的理解和思考。故选C。详细描述多么喜欢学习是没有说服力的，选项B错误。选项A和选项D未提及。 Passage Three
(22) It is usually agreed that a German, Carl Bens built the first motor car in 1885. It was actually a tricycle with a petrol motor at the rear. Soon, members of the royal family and other wealthy people took up motoring as a sport. Many of the early cars had two seats. (23) There were no petrol pumps and few garages, so every driver had to be his own engineer for the frequent breakdowns. By 1905, cars began to look like cars of today, with head lamps, wind screen, rubber tyres and number plates. (24) Henry Ford's Model T introduced in America in 1909 was cheaper because it was made on the assembly line. It brought cars closer towards the reach of ordinary people. With the popularity of the car, registration became a must in 1903 with the Motor Car Act. Competency tests were introduced in 1935. Today, the legal driving age for a car in the UK is 17. You are not allowed to drive a car unsupervised until you have passed a driving test. In 1958, Britain celebrated the opening of its first motor way— the Preston Bypass. Until then, no one really understood what a motor way was, not even the laborers who were building it. (25) The bypass held a new era in motor travel and was greeted with excitement and optimism. Service stations came with the motor way and tlie legend of the transport cafe was bom. Of course, the service station has diversified greatly. But whether it ' s an English-cooked breakfast or a coffee and a sandwich, one thing has iremained the same：the prices. 22. What does the speaker say about the first motor car? [参考答案]B
[解题技巧]选项A是它配备有橡胶轮胎，选项B是它制造于19世纪末，选项C是它被皇家购买，选 项D是它由英国工程师设计。由选项可知,此题应与某物有关。
[答案详解]短文第一句话提到第一辆汽车制造于1885年，是19世纪末期。故选B。到1905年汽车才有橡胶轮胎，选项A错误。它被皇室和有钱人购买，不只是皇室购买，选项C错误。它由德国工程师 设计，选项D错误。
23. What was the problem with the early cars in Britain? [参考答案]D
[解题技巧]选项A是它们消耗许多汽油，选项B是它们只能载两个人，选项C是它们很难驾驶，选项D是它们经常出故障。由选项可知，此题应与汽车有关。
[答案详解]短文中提到没有加油泵和0理厂,所以开车的人不得不自己频繁维修，选项A错误，故选D。因为短文中提到司机要自己频繁修理，说明它时常出故障。短文中说最早的汽车只有两个座位，没有说只能载两个人，选项B错误。选项C未提及。 24. Why did Henry Ford' s Model T cars cost less?
[参考答案]A
[解题技巧]选项A是它们由流水作业线生产，选项B是它们由廉价的材料生产，选项C是它们以英国车为模型制成，选项D是生产它们是为了日常使用。由选项可知，此题应与汽车生产有关。
[答案详解]短文中提到福特车花费少是因为它由流水作业线生产。故选A。其他选项未提及 25. What do we learn about the Preston Bypass? [参考答案]C
[解题技巧]选项A是它在全世界制造了新闻，选项B是它为皇室家庭制造，选项C是它开辟了汽车 旅行的新时代，选项D是它吸引了许多驾车旅行的人。由选项可知,此题应与某物的意义有关。
[答案详解]短文中提到普勒斯顿道路开辟了汽车旅行的新时代。故选C。其他选项均未提及。 Part ID Reading Comprehension Section A [篇章译文]
体育活动对身体有好处，而且越来越多的证据表明体育活动对大脑也有益处。荷兰的研究员在报告中 称.无论是学校组织的还是自愿泰加的体育活动.孩子锻炼得越多，就越（26)易于拿到更高的乎均绩点，在 标准化考试中也易于取得更好的成绩。通过（27)回顾14项有关体育活动与学习（28)成绩之间关系的研究.研究人员发现孩子锻炼越多，他们的考试分数就越高，（29)尤其是数学、英语、阅读之类的基础课。
随着许多学校努力依靠低成本（30)生存.这份报告材料一定会激化有关体育课是否应该被取消的争 论。反对上体育课的论调中包括对锻炼会减少学习时间的担忧。近年来随着美国标准化考试分数的 (31 )下降,一些管理人员认为学生需要花更多的时间在教室而不是在操场上。但是，正如这些研究表明的
那样，体育锻炼和学习也许并非（32)相互排斥。体育活动可以增加大脑的血（33)流量，增强记忆力和注意力提高创新性，这些对学习都（34)必不可少?体育锻炼释放出的荷尔蒙能够调节（35)心情，释放压力，这也有助于学习。因此，似乎孩子们在到处跑的时候只是在锻炼他们的身体，也许实际上他们也在锻炼自己 的大脑。
26.[参考答案]O
[解题点拨]分析该句的句子结构可知，宾语从句中的主语children是名词复数,故空格处应为动词原形作谓语动词。由上句可推断出,该句大意是孩子锻炼得越多，就越易于拿到更高的平均绩点,在标准 化考试中也易于取得更好的成绩。备选项中只有tend有“倾向于……，易于……”的意思，而且tend to do sth也是一种固定用法，意为“易于(倾向于）做某事”，故答案选O。备选项中H flow流动，M review (回顾），N) survive(生存）虽然也都是动词原形，但词意不合适，故排除。 27. [参考答案]M
[解题点拨]分析该句的句子结构可知，空格前为不定冠词a，故空格处应为--个以辅音音素开头的单 数名词。该句的大意是通过回顾过去做的研究，研究人员发现孩子锻炼越多，他们的考试分数就越高。 备选项中只有review有“回顾”的意思，故答案选M。备选项中H)flow(流动）虽然也为辅音音素开头的单数名词,但词意不合适，故排除。 28. [参考答案]L
[解题点拨]分析该句的句子结构可知,and通常连接两个并列结构，and之前为adj. +n.的结构，故空格处应为名词。由后一句话中“研究人员发现孩子锻炼越多，他们的考试分数就越髙”可以看出，之前的14项研究与体育活动和学习成绩间的关系有关，mademic performance
是固定用法，意为“学4成绩， 学业表现，学术成就”，故答案选L。备选项中A)auendam..e(出席，参加），C)currem(水；电；气流；趋 势），I) mood(情绪，心境)虽都为名词，但词意不合适，故排除。 29. [参考答案]K
[解题点拨]分析该句的句子结构可知，该句主谓宾都不缺，这样的情况下就应该考虑是否缺状语。 而状语一般由副词和介词短语充当，因为该题B是选抒某一个词语，而空格后又为完整的介词短语，由 此可知空格处应为副词。由前一句提到的“研究人员发现孩子锻炼越多，他们的考试分数就越高”可 知，后一句是对前一句的补充说明，强调体育锻炼尤其对数学、英语、阅读等基础课程的重要性，备选项中只有particularly有“尤其，特别”之意，故答案选K。备选项中B) consequently(因此，结果），J ) mutually (互相地）虽都为副词,但词意不合适，故排除。 30. [参考答案]N
[解题点拨]由空格前的straggle to可以推断出空格处应为动词原形,struggle to do sth.是固定用法，意 为“努力做某事”。该句大意是学校努力以低成本生存,备选项中只有survive有“生存，存活，继续存在” 之意，故答案选N。备选项中H)flow(流动）虽为动词原形，但词意不合适,故排除 31. [参考答案]E
[解题点拨]分析该句的句子结构可知,该句考査的是with的;g合结构.with sb./slh. doing (sth.),是 固定用法，意为“随着……”，所以空格处应为动名同。由后一句话“一些管理人员认为学生需要花更多 的时间在教室而不是在操场上”可知，近些年美国学生在标准化考试中的成绩下降了，空格处应填 dropping,意为“下降”，故答案选E。备选项中D)depressing(压抑的，使人沮丧的）虽为动名词，但词意 不合适，故排除。 32. [参考答案]J
[解题点拨]分析该句的句子结构可知，该句主谓宾都不缺，这样的情况下就应该考虑是否缺状语? 该句大意是之前有关体育活动和学习成绩间的关系的研究表明，二者之间并非相互排斥。备选项中只 有nuitually有“相互地”之意，故答案选J。 33. [参考答案]H
[解题点拨]分析该句的句子结构可知,该句的宾语不完整，时宾语补充完后必须可与介词“to”连用 该句大意是体育活动可以增加大脑的血流M备选项中只有flow有“流景,流动”之意可与介间“to” 连用，故答案选H。 34. [参考答案]F
[解题点拨]be + adj. +to Sb./sth.是固定用法，因此空格处应为形容词。该句大意是体育活动可以增 加大脑的血流量，增强i己忆力和注意力，提髙创新性，而这些对学习都必不可少。备选项屮只有essemial 有“基本的,必要的”之意，故答案选F。备选项中C)current (现在的;流通的），G)feasible(可行的）虽都为形容词,但词意不合适，故排除。 35. [参考答案]I
[解题点拨]and连接两个并列的结构，而and之后是v. +n.的形式，所以and之前也应为v. +n.的形 式,由此推断出空格处应为名词。该句大意是体#活动释放出的荷尔蒙可以调节心情，释放压力。备选项中只有mood有“情绪，心情”之意，故答案选I。 Section B [篇章译文]
找到正确的家，就找到了满足感
[A]当你年长的亲属们需要进入某种类型的长期护理机构时——这是极少数父母或孩子不害怕面对的时刻，你想要对这类机构了如指掌.
[B] (38-1）难道辅助生活型住房真的比养老院有很大的改善吗?还是这个行业只是雇佣了
一些更好的室内设计师？难道养老院真的如人们所想象的那样可怕吗？抑或只是一种过时了的固有看法？对护 理机构了解得一清二楚真的就能让家人住进最好的养老院吗？（38-2)这真的不得而知。
[C] (43)老年人住进什么样的护理机构并没有我们想象的那么重要，这样说我将会估事情#加错综 复杂。而且成年子女开始寻找护理机构时所关注的机构特点，并不一定会对即将住进去的老年人有影响。请允许我匆忙地加一句，我并不是在说护理的质量，任何人在工作人员不负责任、安全记录差的环境中都 不能保持精神矍铄。但是越来越多的研究表明，一种老年人护理机构与另一种护理机构的某些区别对老年 人生活状态带来的实质性影响微乎其微。
[D] 《应用老年学杂志》上公布了一些最新的研究。这些研究对康涅狄格州居住在辅助生活型住房、养老院以及更小的安老院（在有些州被称为“护理寄宿家庭”或“成人护理家庭”）里的〗5〇人进行了调查。 来自康涅狄格大学卫生中心的研究员问了这些老人很多问题，包括他们的生活质量、情感状况、社交以及这 些护理机构的服务质量.
[E] 来自康涅狄格大学的医学副教授朱莉.罗比森是该研究报告的第一作者。他说：“我们曾经认为我们会看到不同类型的护理机构之间存在的差别。”（36) —个合乎情理的假设是，这些成年子女非要努力 避开养老院，如果做不到他们真的会觉得内疚吗？
[F] 最初的研究结果表明，居住在辅助生活型住房里的老人的确最乐观。例如，（42)与居住在其他护 理机构的老年人相比，他们有抑郁症状的可能性要小，而且觉得厌烦或孤独的可能性也小。他们在社交上 表现较好。
[G] 但是当研究员加进了许多其他变量时，这些差异就消失了。他们发现，并非是护理机构的类型使 得老年人反应不同：罗比森博士解释说：“是他们所在具体环境的特点以及他们自身的特点，比如他们觉 得自己的健康状态如何、他们的年龄以及婚姻状况，导致老年人反应不同。”事实证明，（45)老年人是否觉 得自己在搬进护理机构以及他们需要在那里住多久的决定中有发言权.都至关重要。
[H] —位老年人说她身体不好，因此居住在辅助生活型住房（即使她的孩子们更喜欢这个）里跟住在 养老院里一样心烦意乱。在其他要素相同的情况下，有权决定自己将搬到哪个护理机构以及有时间适应该 机构的人，住在安老院里跟住在养老院里一样觉得舒适，(39)是人和住所的相互彩响.而不单单是住所的 类型本身，使老年人有更美好或更差劲的经历。罗比森博士说：“你不能只说,我们假设这个人住在安老院 里而不是养老院，他会更幸福。”她补充说，重要的是“综合考虑这些人自身拥有什么和他们将在那些护理 机构里发现什么”。
[I] (44)这些与常识背道而驰的发现之前已经出现过。例如，在对辅助生活型住房进行的多模态研究 中，北卡罗来纳大学的研究员发现有许多变量，比如护理机构的类型、大小、开办年限、是否是一家连锁机 构、其邻居有多吸引人等与老人在疾病、脑力下降、住院治疗以及死亡等方面的处境并没有多大关系.最重要的是老年人的健康状况和精神状态。老年人住进护理机构时的状态要比他们住进来之后发生的事情影 响更大。
[J] 当综合考虑这些因素时，我收到一份来自一家权威调查机构的通讯稿，上面写着：（4丨）为帮助老年 人的家人评价养老院的服务质量,2008年国家老年人医疗保险制度规定了一个五星级评价体系，但该体系 与老年人或其家属的满意度关系不大.事实上，老年人对一星级护理机构的满意度要比对五星级护理机构 的满意度高，而一星级的护理机构等级最低。（有关该研究更多的信息还有星级排名将在附件中给出。）
[K] 在我们这班人马都要急坏了之前——在这样一个令人困惑不解的情况下我们应该怎样寻求出
路—北卡罗来纳大学的老年病学专家菲利普?斯隆博士给出了他自己的看法：“从某种程度
而言，这些发现会使老年人的家人从寻找护理机构的重负中解脱出来。”
[L] 当然，子女们都想去看看这些护理机构，跟那里的负责人、住在那里的老年人，还有他们的家人谈 谈，并尽其所能履行自己的义务。但是或许他们没有必要把自己变成私家侦探，或国会下属的监督美国联 邦储备委员会的分委员。斯隆博士说：“老年人的家人可以更关注老人在哪种护理机构更开心。”而且，(37)事实证明让将要去住护理机构的老年人参与决策的过程十分重要，
[M] 对于什么能使我们的父母开心，我们都各有各的想法。我们的父母也有他们的想法。我的一个 朋友最近带她母亲去参观我所在城镇附近的一家收费不低的养老院。我曾经看到过这个地方——内外装修都很典雅。尽管这次参观已经事先安排好，但是当他们到那里时没有人跟这对母女打招呼，没有人向住 在这里的人介绍她们。当在餐厅吃午饭时，就她们母女俩孤零零地坐在一张桌子上。
[N] 这个女儿害怕那里的人会忽视她的母亲，因此她决定让她的母亲搬到一家更有人情味儿的护理 机构。(40)基于该调查得出的某些结论，当子女决定要把父母送进某家护理机构时，这都不失为一种理智的方式。 36. [参考答案]E
[解题点拨]题干大意：当许多子女不能为他们的父母找到一家比养老院更合适的护理机构时，他们 会很内疚。由题干中的“feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home”可以定位到文 中E段最后一句话。该句提到“一个合乎情理的假设是，这些成年子女非要努力避开养老院，而且如果 做不到他们真的会觉得内疚吗? ”与题干相吻合。 37. [参考答案]L
[解题点拨]题干大意:尽管子女去看看那些护理机构对于做决定会有帮助，但是事实证明，让他们的 父母参与决策的过程也许十分重要。由题千中的“involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important”可以定位到文中L段最后一句话。该句提到“事实证明让将要去住护理机构的 老年人参与决策的过程十分重要”，与题干相吻合。 38. [参考答案]B
[解题点拨]题干大意：真的很难说辅助生活型住房是否比养老院好。由题干中的“assisted living is better than nursing house”可以看出辅助生活型住房与养老院存在一种对比的关系，由此可以定位到文中 B段第一句话和最后一句话。这两句分别提到“难道辅助生活型住房真的比养老院有很大改善吗？还是这个行业只是雇佣了一些更好的室内设计师? ”和“这真的不得而知”，与题干相吻合。 39. [参考答案]H
[解题点拨]题干大意:住在护理机构里的人感觉如何，取决于他们自己与他们所居住的护理机构之 间的相互影响。由题干中的“an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in”可以定位 到文中H段第三句话。该句提到“是人和住所的相互影响，而不单单是住所的类型本身.使老年人有更 美好或更差劲的经历”,与题干相吻合。 40. [参考答案]N
[解题点拨]题干大意:作者认为她的朋友做出了一个理智的决定，为她的母亲选择了一家热情友好 的护理机构，而不是一座表面上装修典雅的辅助生活型住房。由题干中的“the author thinks her friend made a rational decision”可以定位到文中N段最后一句话。该句提到“基于该调查得出的某些结论，当 子女决定要把父母送进某家护理机构时，这都不失为一种理智的方式”，与题干相吻合。 41. [参考答案]J
[解题点拨]题干大意:国家老年人医疗保险制度规定的用于评价养老院质量的体系对找到一家令人 满意的护理机构帮助不大。由题干中的“the system Medicare deve丨opetl to rate
nursing home quality” 可以 定位到文中J段第一句话。该句提到“为帮助老年人的家人评价养老院的服务质量,2008年国家老年 人医疗保险制度规定了一个五星级评价体系，但该体系与老年人或其家属的满意度关系不大”，与题干相吻合。 42. [参考答案]F
[解题点拨]题干大意:起初，最新研究的研究员发现居住在辅助生活型住房的老年人在社交上表现较好.由题干中的“residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction”可以定位到 文中F段第二、三句话。这两句分别提到“与居住在其他护理机构的老年人相比，他们有抑郁症状的可 能性要小，而且觉得厌烦或孤独的可能性也小”和“他们在社交上表现较好”，与题干相吻合。 43. [参考答案]C
[解题点拨]题干大意:老年人住进什么样的护理机构也许没我们想的那么重要。由题干中的“care facility old people live in”和“less importan丨than we think”可以定位到C段第一句话。该句提到“老年人 住进什么样的护理机构并没有我们想象的那么重要”，与题干相吻合。
44. [参考答案]I
[解题点拨]题干大意:最新研究的发现与早期对辅助生活沏住房进行多模态研究的发现相似< 由题 干中的“an earlier muhi-state study”可以定位到I段第一句话和第二句话。这两句提到“这些与常识背道而驰的发现之前已经出现过。在对辅助生活型住房进行的多模态研究中，北卡罗来纳大学的研究员发 现有许多变量,比如护理机构的类型、大小、开办年限、是否是一家连锁机构、其邻居有多吸引人等与老 人在疾病、脑力下降、住院治疗以及死亡等方面的处境并没有多大关系”，与题干相吻合。 45. [参考答案]G
[解题点拨]题干大意:老年人对一家护理机构的满意度与他们本人是否参与决定搬进哪家护理机构 和他们要在那里待多久有很大关系。由该句中的“participated in the decision to move in”和“how long they had stayed there”可以定位到G段最后一句话。该句提到“事实证明，老年人是否觉得自己在搬进护理 机构以及他们?要在那里住多久的决定中有发言权,都至关重要”，与题干相吻合。 Section C Passage One [篇章译文]
随着人工智能日益高端复杂，越来越多的人担心机器人会对人类构成成胁。(46)计算机科学教授斯图尔特?拉塞尔说，如果我们明白如何将人类的价值观转换成一种可编程代码，这种危险就可以避免。
拉塞尔认为随着机器人承担多项更加复杂的任务，有必要把我们的各种道德观翻译成智能语言，比如，如果一个机器人操持屋内屋外的家务，你不会希望它把宠物猫放在烤炉里当作为饥肠辘辘的孩子们准备的晚饭拉塞尔说:“你希望那个机器人提前就自带一套完善的价值观。”
一些机器人已经通过编程植入了一些最基本的人类价值观。例如，一个可移动的机器人被编入程序， 知道要跟人类保持恰当的距离。很明显，（47)人与人之间的恰当距离因文化而异，但是如果你在跟一个人谈话，这些机器人走上前来离你很近,侵犯了你的私人空间，你认为一个家教良好的人不会做这种事情，只要我们能够找到一种方法将人类的价值观设置成明确的规则，那么我们就有可能设计出更加高级的有道德感的机器?
(48)机器人还可以从根据人类行为的大量数据绘制而成的图画中学习人类的价值观。如果程序员马虎，那他们就会给人类带来危险。
在机器人违反人类价值观这方面，人们最担心的是人类无法进行足够的测试，而且他们
已经生成了一个会打破某些禁忌的系统。
（49）当面对异常情况时，最简单的测试方法就是在一个机器人身上编写一套程序，看看人类在这种情况下会怎样做。
如果这个机器人不确定一种动物能不能放进微波炉，它有机会停下来，发出嘟嘟声，向人类求助。如果 我们人类做某项决定时犹豫不决，那我们可以去找其他人帮忙。
(50)在给机器人编写价值观程序时，最困难的一步就是准确地确定我们信仰的什么是道德的，以及如 何设计一套伦理价值程序。如果我们能够找到答案，机器人之于人类大有裨益。
46.[参考答案]C
[解题点拨]由题干中的“Ihreal of rebels”可以定位到文中第一段的第二句话。该句提到“计算机科学 教授斯图尔特?拉塞尔说，如果我们明内如何将人类的价值观转换成一种可编程代码，这种危险就可以避免”选项C如果把人类的价值观翻译成机器人的语言，机器人对人类的威胁即可消除”符合原 文，故答案选C,选项A)机器人对人类的威胁或许会给计算机程序设计员带来挑战，原文并未提到：选 项B)机器人对人类的威胁在所宥涉及高科技的机器上都存在.原文并未提到;选项D)随着技术更加高端复杂，这种威胁会成为一种不可避免的危险，原文并未提到。 47.[参考答案]D
[解题点拨]由题干中的“a person who invades our personal space”定位到文中第四段的最后一句话该句提到“人与人之间的恰当距离因文化而异。但是如果你在跟一个人谈话,这些机器人走上前来离你很近,侵犯了你的私人空间，你认为一个家教良好的人不会做这种事情\"。由此可以看出，在作者看来一个侵犯别人空间的人教养不好。选项D他们教养不好,ill-bred无教养的，教养不好的”，与文中的 “properly hronght-up构成一对反义词,故答案选D。选项A)他们有攻击性，与原文不符;选项B)他们很外向，与原文不符;选项C)他们很无知，与原文不符, 48. [参考答案]C
[解题点拨]由题干中的“robots leam human values”可以定位到文中第六段第一句话该句提到“机器人还可以从根据人类行为的大量数据绘制而成的图画中学习人类的价值观”。选项C)根据人类行为的大盘数据绘制而成的图画，符合原文，故答案选C。选项A)通过跟人类在日常生活中的交流,原文并 未提到;选项B)通过遵循文明人类的日常规范，原文并未提到;选项D)通过模仿教养好的人的行为，原文并未提到。 49. [参考答案]B
[解题点拨]由题干中的“a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation”可以定位到文中 第八段：该段提到\"当曲对异常情况时，城简单的测试方法就是在一个机器人身上编写一套程序，看看人类在这种情况下会怎样做”选项B)停下来听从人类的建议，符合原文，故答案选B选项A)远离 潜在的危险，原文并未提到;选项C)立即后动其内置的报警系统，原文并未提到;选项D)采取行动之前 做足够的测试，原文并未提到。 50. [参考答案]A
[解题点拨]由题〒中的“when we turn human values into a programmable code”可以定位到文中最后一 段第一句话.该句提到“在给机器人编写价值观程序时，最困难的一步就是准确地确定我们信仰的什么 是道德的，以及如何设计一套伦理价值程序”。选项A)确定什么符合伦理道德，符合原文，故答案选A: 选项B)设计一些大规模的实验，原文并未提到;选项C)为人机交流制定规则，原文并未提到;选项I)) 开发一个更高端的程序，原文并未提到。 Passage Two [篇章译文]
为什么有些人要比其他人活得长？标准解释是：适当的饮食习惯，经常锻炼等等：但是
性格对长寿有什么影响呢？(51)—些性格特征会使人长寿吗？《美国老年医学会杂志》最新刊栽了一项研究报告，通过 研究那些曾经活到至少100岁的人的子女（共246个）的个性特征来关注这个问题.，
(52-1）该研究表明活得最久的人比其他人更外向.更积极活跃.以及情绪史趋于稳定,(52 -2)长寿 的女人更可能比正常年龄去世的女人富有同情心和合作意识这些发现与你根据进化论预期的一样： (52-3)那些喜欢结交朋友、帮助别人的人能够积攒人脉.帮助他们渡过难关，
(53)然而，有趣的是，也许在你看来有助于长寿的其他性格特征对研究对象是否长寿却没有影响..比 如，自制力较强的人并非更长寿?而且，思想开放、易于接受新观点跟长寿没有任何关系，这或许可以用来 解释所有那些牌气暴躁因循守旧的老年人为何长寿.
成年人是否可以成功地改变自己的性格特征是心理学长期争论的一个话题但是这篇新论文表明如 果想要长寿，应该尽可能地外向。
遗憾的是，另一项最新岍究表明母亲的性格可能也会决定一个人的寿命，（54 -1)该研究对将近 28 000位挪威母亲进行跟踪调杳.发现那些较易焦虎、抑郁、生气.的母亲有可能喂孩子一些不健康的食物，当我们成年时，孩提时期的饮食习惯已很难改变，（54 -2)这也许就意味着抑郁消沉的母亲抚养的孩子最后不会长寿。性格不能决定命运，而且我们都知道自己可以学着改变。(55)但是这两项研究都表明长寿不仅与身体健康有关，也与心理健康有关 51. [参考答案]A
[解题点拨]由题干中的“theaim of the study in the......” 以定位到文中第一段的最后两句话。最后一句提到“《美国老年医学会杂志》最新刊载研究报告,通过研究那些曾经活到至少100岁的人的子女（共246个）的个性特征来关注这个问题”，而“这个问题”就是 指第一段倒数第二句话中提到的“某些性格特征会使人长寿吗”。选项A)弄明白性格是否影响人的寿命，符合原又，故答案选A。选项B)为了查明生活方式是否对人的健康有影响，原文并未提到;选项C) 为了研究锻炼在长寿中的作用，原文并未提到；选项D)为了研究所有对长寿有益的因素，原文并未提到。 52. [参考答案]D
[解题点拨]由题干中的“outgoing and sympathetic people”可以定位到文中第二段。第一句话提到“该研究表明活得最久的人比其他人更外向”，第二句话提到“长寿的女人更有可能比正常年龄去世的女人 富有同情心'第三句话提到“外向的人喜欢交朋友，富有同情心的人乐于帮助别人.这会使他们积攒很广的人脉，更有可能渡过难关”。选项I))他们更有可能渡过难关，符合原文，故答案选选项A)他们很了解进化论，原文并未提到;选项B)他们更捎长通过谈判达成协议，原文并未提到;选项C)他们一般看起来足智多谋，原文并未提到， 53. [参考答案]C
[解题点拨]由题干中的\"finding of the study might prove somewhat out of ouf expectation”可以定位到第 三段第一、二句话?第一句提到“然而，有趣的是，也许在你看来有助于长寿的其他性格特征对研究对象是否长寿没有影响”。第二句提到“自制力较强的人并非更长寿”。选项C)自律这种性格特征对长寿没 有影响，符合原文，故答案选C。选项A)易于相处的人也能够相对长寿，这一发现并不出人意料，故排 除;选项B)那些证明有助于长寿的个性特征因时(fii异,原文并未提到，故排除;选项D)乐下'接受新观点 有助于长寿，原文中提到“思想开放.易于接受新观点跟长寿没有任何关系\"，故排除。 54. [参考答案]D [解题点拨]由题干中的“the recent study of Norwegian mothers”可以定位到第五段第二句话。该句提到“该研究对将近28 000位挪威母亲进行跟踪调査”，并在接下来的行文中介绍了该研究的发现。选项 D)母亲的负面性格特征也许会影响孩子的寿命，符合原文，故答案选D 选项A)孩子的性格特征总是 由母亲决定，原文并未提到;选项B)有不健康饮食习惯的人
死亡得会较快，原文并未提到；选项C)母亲对孩子的影响要比父亲对孩子的影响持续的时间长，原文并未提到. 55. [参考答案]B
[解题点拨]由题干中的“the findings of the two new studies”可以定位到文中最后一段的最后一句话。该句提到“这两项研究都表明艮寿不仅与身体健康有关，也与心理健康有关'选项B)长寿是身心健康 相结合的结果，符合原文，故答案选B。选项A)焦虑和抑郁往往会缩短人的寿命，两项研究都未提到该 观点，故排除;选项C)性格对人的健康起决定作用，原文提到“性格不能决定命运，而且我们都知道自己 可以学着改变”，故排除；选项D生活方式对人的健康有很大影响，第项研究并未提到,故排除 翻译
【参考答案】 Kung Fu is the folk name of Chinese martial arts, which dates back to the need of self-defense, hunting, and military drill in ancient China. It is one of China's traditional sports, and all people, old and young, would participate in. It has gradually evolved into a unique element of the Chinese culture. As a national treasure of China, it has hundreds of styles. Meanwhile, it is also the most practiced art form in the world. Some styles imitate the movements of animals, while others are inspired by Chinese philosophy, myth and legend.
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