专业英语八级(作文)模拟试卷75(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（作文）模拟试卷75 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. summarize briefly the public’s resentment toward the rich; 2. give your comment, especially on the major causes that lead to this mentality. Rich Getting Richer, But Poor Becoming Resentful Amid a widening wealth gap between rich and poor, a new survey has found that 96 percent of the public said they feel resentful toward the rich. The latest survey, released by the Zhejiang Academy of Social Sciences, also shows that 70 percent of 1,159 respondents said they feel “a big gap” between the rich and poor in China now, with more than half of the people saying the gap will become bigger. The survey, launched in the first half of the year, was based on questionnaires handed out to 10 social groups including public servants, entrepreneurs and farmers. “I believe that the wealth gap is a much more serious problem nationwide,” said Qiu Liping, a professor of social stratification at Shanghai University. “Our society is in dire need of a platform for dialogue between the rich and poor,” he said. Such a platform, he said, will minimize the resentment against the rich. “People do not always hate the rich. People hate those who are immorally rich,” he said. But most of time, people do not make that distinction. Cherry Chang, an editor of a luxury magazine in Shanghai, said her car, a red Porsche, has been vandalized three times in the past two weeks. Her friend’s Lamborghini fared no better. “I think there are many people in this city who harbor a deep resentment against the rich,” she said. The wrath aimed at the wealthy has been a hot-button issue recently, and can go past vandalism to include kidnapping and even murder. Yi Zhao, a civil servant from Guangdong province, admitted that he dislikes the rich. “Most of them collect wealth at the expense of the poor. Take those real-estate manipulators for example. They control the property market aiming for a higher price and a considerable profit,” he said. “On the other hand, I simply can’t accept the skyrocketing prices. Isn’t it unfair to the majority who are unable to afford an apartment, even if we squeeze together the savings of three generations?” However, Xiao Xiaowei, a 24-year-old self-employed from Wuhan, capital of Hubei province, said she actually respects the rich, especially billionaires. “It’s true that some of them get rich illegally or at the expense of the poor, but getting rich surely requires some other qualities, such as excellent interpersonal skills. They have the capabilities that others don’t have,” Xiao said. Chang also said she worked hard to buy herself an apartment and a car. “If those people have the time to hate us and envy us, why don’t they spend the time working, using diligence and intelligence?” asked Chang. Zhang Qi, a 28-year-old professional in Beijing, said getting rich and making money are not just about working hard. “I haven’t thought much about making a lot of money. Life is hard for me—and I am privileged with a decent job. For those who are less privileged, life must be even harder,” Zhang said.

正确答案： On Resentment Towards the Rich In recent years in China, resentment towards the rich is popular among the public. According to a survey

referred in the above article, 96 percent of the public said they feel resentful toward the rich. As for the target of the resentment, both those who are immorally rich and those law-abiding ones are hated. What people do not like about the wealthy ones is their collecting money immorally or illegally and the main driving factor mentioned for people’s resentment is the widening wealth gap between rich and poor. In my opinion, the resentment towards the rich is understandable and can be attributed to two main factors. Firstly, the hatred against the rich is principally caused by the increasingly widening wealth gap. With the reform and opening-up policy as well as the market-based economy, China has achieved great economic growth. However, while some people have profited from such growth, others are still struggling for basic necessities. The rich and poor are gradually polarized in Chinese society and people feel that the gap is unfair and that the luxurious lifestyle of rich people is unacceptable, especially when some of them cannot really justify where their money comes from. Secondly, rich people are disliked because they seem to be able to do whatever they want, even it is illegal. People are no longer surprised by the following news. One is that a certain rich businessman bought out the entire theatre tickets just to make sure that he and his mistress were left alone to enjoy the show. Even worse, another piece of news says that an 18-year-old lad who had caused a car accident was released, because his loaded dad had bribed officials. Similar news coverage goes on and on. That is why ordinary people are amazed and then disgusted by the special treatment rich people enjoy. In conclusion, the growing wealth gap and the ever-present injustice both inflame the public anger against the rich. Rich people should abide by laws and think more about repaying the society to ease this rich-poor tension.

解析： 材料通过一个关于仇富心理的调查开篇，引出关于仇富现象的讨论。第二、三段进一步介绍这个调查，其中提到该调查表明70％的受访者认为贫富差距大(they feel“a big gap”between the rich and poor)、半数受访者认为贫富差距会扩大(more than half of the people saying the gap will become bigger)、调查的受访者包括公务员、企业家和农民。 第四至六段介绍某专家的看法：收入差距问题严重；亟需搭建贫富双方对话的平台以减少贫困者对富人的仇视；人们主要仇视的对象是为富不仁者或非法致富的有钱人。 第七至九段阐述仇富心理的其他受害者以及仇富心理可能导致的违法犯罪行为(can go past vandalism to include kidnapping and even murder)。 最后几段主要介绍持不同立场的人关于富人的看法，其中提到富人招人恨的原因在于牺牲贫困者的利益非法敛财(collect wealth at the expense of the poor)。 总的说来，材料主要揭示了仇富现象的普遍性、表现、对象及成因。 开篇：简要引出仇富现象，概括材料内容，并提出个人观点——仇富现象可以理解，成因主要有两个。 主体：从两方面具体阐述仇富现象的成因。 1．仇富心理主要源于中国贫富差距的不断扩大。用两极分化和贫富悬殊的例子说明。 2．富人不受欢迎是因为他们似乎可以为所欲为。举一些富人“有钱能使鬼推磨”的例子。 结尾：结合仇富原因，提出相应的解决之道。 知识模块：作文

2． Is online gambling legal? It all depends on where you live. Last September, several U.S. lawmakers are trying to crack down on the industry by clarifying existing U.S. laws and making it easier to go after offenders. Actually,

opinions vary on whether the online gambling should be banned. The following are some of the typical opinions on the issue. Read them carefully and write your response in NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions; 2. give your commentEarl L. Grinols, professor of Baylor University It is impossible to stop online gambling. When it has been banned, people have just used sites based in other countries. It is better to legalize and regulate online gambling than to drive gamblers to poorly-regulated foreign operators. Regulation can reduce the problems identified by the proposition. For example, online gamblers can be required to give personal details when registering (e.g. occupation, income). If this information suggests they are spending more than they can afford, the company can block their credit card. In any case, most online gamblers do not get addicted. Why should they be denied an activity that they enjoy?Jimmy Doherty, dean of the Faculty of Economy at Princeton University Internet gambling is especially dangerous. Someone can become addicted very easily—they don’t even need to leave their home. This also means that they are gambling in private. They may therefore be less reluctant to wager very large sums they cannot afford. It is very hard to know the identity of an online gambler—there have been several cases of people (including children) using stolen credit cards to gamble online. Online gambling may be hard to control but that is not a reason to try— making an activity more difficult to pursue will still reduce the number of those who take it up. It is not impossible to put effective deterrent steps in place, such as the recent US ban on American banks processing credit card payments to internet gambling sites.Brad DeLong, professor of politics at U.C. Berkeley Prohibition doesn’t work. We’ve tried it before. As our history books show, the Volstead Act, which prohibited the sale of alcohol in the 1920s, closed the doors of legal, regulated businesses. In their place, it opened a Pandora’s box with unintended consequences. These consequences—criminal activity, illegal manufacturing and distribution, and more—took years and significant resources to fully combat. All for the act to later be repealed. Let’s not let history repeat itself. Americans enjoy entertainment, especially gambling. Gambling is woven into American history, having existed in some form since our nation’s establishment. Let’s rely on common-sense safeguards and consumer protections. Let’s extend well-established and effective gaming regulations to the newest form, online gaming.Rick Perry, governor of Texas Internet gambling is particularly worrisome. Evidence overwhelmingly shows that compulsive gambling is three to four times more common among online gamblers than non-Internet gamblers. Online gambling is fundamentally more dangerous than other forms of gambling. The 24/7 ease of access, speed of the game, solitary nature of play and ability to play multiple games at once make it so. It’s also possible to lose more money than you have on hand. Legalizing online gambling may seem like an attractive solution to a state’s budget woes. Evidence, however, suggests the contrary. Gambling disproportionately impacts the poor. It diverts money away from local businesses and displaces existing sales tax revenue while fueling societal ills. Both sides of this debate agree a state-by-state patchwork of online gambling regimes will not work. Congress needs to act in the interest of families and communities. It should update the Wire Act to

ensure enforcement of federal law prohibiting Internet gambling.

正确答案： Reduce Online Gambling Through Education With the access to the Internet, people can gamble whenever and wherever they want, so the present society has witnessed a dramatic increase of online gambling. Concerning such a problem, some critics, like professors from Baylor University and U.C. Berkeley, suggest legalizing the online gambling and regulating it properly, while the other two critics above advocate a strong prohibition on online gambling. For me, prohibition is necessary if we want to control the online gambling; what’s more, if we want to accomplish the goal of reducing online gambling in the long run, education is the key. For one thing, the effect of legalizing online gambling is still questionable and it is dangerous for the government to do away with the prohibition on online gambling. Les Vegas, where gambling is legalized, is a perfect example to illustrate this. Now an increasing number of casinos are being constructed there. Why is that? Without doubt, the ultimate reason is that there are an increasing number of gamblers flocking there, and the same goes for online gambling. Thus, to ensure the reduction of online gambling, legalization is not a reliable way. Prohibition is still needed. For another, in order to persuade people out of gambling online, prohibition is not enough and education is the key. A recent study has shown that the younger generation in the U.S. is less inclined to smoke than the elder generation because now the younger generation has a relatively thorough understanding of the harms of smoking to their health. Likewise, we can solve the problem of online gambling in the same way: tell them the harm and adverse consequences of online gambling on top of banning such a behavior. In conclusion, when faced with the problem of online gambling, the government should first place the prohibition on it. Then for the long-term effect, it should strive to educate people, especially the younger generation. Only in this way can the number of online gamblers be reduced.

解析： 材料给出了四个人关于“是否立法禁止网上赌博”的评论，其中第一个人和第三个人认为我们不可能完全禁止赌博，应该通过法律的手段对网上赌博进行规范化管理(to legalize and regulate online gambling)。因为网络赌博无法禁止(impossible to stop online gambling)，与禁酒令一样，禁止网上赌博是不奏效的(All for the act to later be repealed)。第二个人和第四个人则认为网上赌博的危害很大(especially dangerous)，我们不应该使网上赌博合法化。因为网上赌博带来的问题很多，将网上赌博合法化不可取，应该更新法规(update the Wire Act)，加大禁止网上赌博的力度(ensure enforcement of…prohibiting Internet gambling)。 开篇：概括材料的主要观点，并在此基础上提出个人对于网上赌博的看法——要减少网上赌博，禁令是必要，教育是关键。 主体：分别举例说明禁赌的必要性和方法——以拉斯维加斯为例说明网上赌博合法化的不可行性以及禁止网上赌博的必要性；用美国年轻一代吸烟较少的例子来说明教育对于减少网上赌博的重要性。 结尾：总结全文，重申观点——政府应该首先颁布禁令，然后通过教育的方式去减少网上赌博。 知识模块：作文

3． Not long before, the national government issued a new regulation on the management of lost items which encourages giving rewards for returning lost items.

The following article provides detailed information about this issue. Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly both articles; 2. give your comment. Giving Rewards for Returning Lost Property? In the middle of July, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress released the Property Rights Law, seeking feedback from the general public. One of the most contentious matters in the draft is whether a reward should be paid for recovered property. The draft clearly stipulates lost property should be returned to its rightful owner. After the draft law was made public, it sparked extensive debate. Some say the clause encouraging the payment of rewards must be changed, as it goes against the traditional Chinese virtue of “returning the money found without payment.” The law should encourage these sound values and call on society to carry on this tradition, many think. But others argue the terms of the draft do not contradict traditional virtues. Judging from foreign legislation, the attitude appears to be that if lost property is of little value and is not State-owned, finders can be keepers. Zhao Chenguang, an official from the Wenfeng District People’s Procuratorate in Anyang, Henan Province, said: “From a very young age, people are educated about returning money found. However, does the new trend make this traditional virtue seem old-fashioned?” A young security guard from the countryside, who earned only 1,300 yuan a month, found a wallet containing 80,000 yuan in cash and other valuables whilst on duty, and took the trouble to return the wallet to its owner. The young man refused to accept the 5,000-yuan reward offered by the owner. The media praised the young man for his righteous act, especially in light of the fact that his father is a poor farmer and his mother has been ill in bed for a long time. The reward money would have been a huge help for him and his family. Many were inspired by the unselfish security guard’s actions. But others took pity on him. Some say the man was right not to take the reward, as he became a righteous hero. On the other hand, some believe he could have accepted the money with a clear conscience as it would have been proper, reasonable and lawful to do so. Indeed it would have been right for the young guard to take the money. He should be rewarded not only for returning the lost wallet, but also for his honesty and integrity. So why did the young man refuse to accept the money? He was obviously influenced by traditional values, and of course his action was his personal choice. But in terms of encouraging people to act morally and rationally, the young man should have accepted the reward. As for owners, it is up to them to show their gratitude whether materially or not If the giving of rewards is forcibly stipulated by law, owners may be upset and violate it. As for lost property keepers, if the law says it is acceptable for them to claim a reward, things may turn sour. We should not encourage good deeds by way of offering legal rewards. We may try to preserve morality by law but will actually destroy it in doing so.

正确答案： Rewards for Returning Lost Items Should Be Promoted Recently, the draft of Property Rights Law has stirred much controversy as it suggests giving rewards to those who return lost items. Some people regard this rule as a violation to the traditional virtue of giving back lost items without payment, thinking

it is money-oriented. However, others believe that giving rewards for returning lost items inspires people to be moral and honest. The kindness of the upright security guard mentioned above brought both admiration and pity, as some people consider the acceptance of reward would not go against traditional value. It is also pointed out that if regulations force owners to express their appreciation materially, a moral decline may follow. As for me, giving rewards for returning lost items is a sensible decision in both practical and moral aspects. To start with, giving rewards for returning lost items is practical. Time is considered very valuable in today’s fast-paced society. Under such circumstance, it should be understood that returning the lost item takes time and energy. It is hence natural that the kindness should be rewarded and time compensated. For the owner, he has also found a way to express his thanks by giving a relatively small portion of what he has got back. Viewed in pragmatic lens, the suggestion is fair and sensible for both sides. Secondly, rewarding people for returning lost items also fosters a positive moral climate. Zilu, one of Confucius’s disciples, saved a man from drowning. The man gave Zilu a cow to show his gratitude and Zilu happily accepted it. On hearing the story, Confucius remarked gladly that there would be more people ready to help others ever since. From the story we can see that giving rewards to those who have helped you does not make the behavior less “moral”. In conclusion, rewarding people for returning lost items successfully strikes a balance between practical concerns and moral ones. It does not only compensate the time and energy devoted in the process of returning the items, but also cultivates a favorable moral climate.

解析： 材料围绕“是否应奖励拾金不昧的行为”展开讨论，总体而言是反对的态度。内容大致可分为三部分。 第一至三段指出，物权法(the Property Rights Law)草案有关奖励拾金不昧行为的条例引起了争议。有人认为这样做违背了拾金不昧的传统美德(it goes against the．．．virtue of “returning the money found without payment．”)。也有人根据外国法律的例子表示不认同。 第四至第九段则以一位正直的(righteous)保安拾金不昧的实例作进一步分析。收入微薄的保安拒绝了失主对他的酬谢。在得到赞扬的同时，也有人认为他接受酬谢是合情、合理、合法的(would have been proper，reasonable and lawful to do so)。 最后两段是作者的总结。作者认为，通过法律来奖励拾金不昧的初衷是保护这种美德(preserve morality)，但若真的要这样做，事情的性质会发生变化(turn sour)，反而会起到破坏作用。 开篇：概括材料，总结各方面人士对奖励拾金不昧行为的看法，提出个人观点——奖励拾金不昧是合理的。 主体：分两方面阐述原因。 1．从实际的角度出发。奖励拾金不昧是有道理的。拾金不昧的人付出了时间和精力来归还物品，失主从实际出发补偿一下拾金不昧的人，是合情合理的。 2．奖励拾金不昧可以鼓励好的道德风气。引述《论语》中子路的例子。奖励拾金不昧不会使拾金不昧的举动变得不道德。相反能彰显出政府对该举动的褒扬。 结尾：重申观点，奖励拾金不昧是在实际意义和道德意义两方面取得平衡。 知识模块：作文

4． As quoted in Tuesdays with Morrie by Mitch Albom, what is wrong with being number two? Nevertheless, under the competitive conditions that many of us face, being number two is not, generally, the result of trying to come in second.

The following is an article presenting comments of being number two. Read it carefully and write your response of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the author’s opinion; 2. give your comment When we think about it honestly, trying to be “number one” in a competition is not so healthy for one’s character. If I can only succeed by putting you down, doesn’t that make me wish for you to fail, more than drive me to succeed? You have to wonder about professional sports leagues. Every team begins the season thinking and hoping that they will win the championship. Yet everyone knows that only one team will be smiling at the end of the season. Every other team will look back at the season as having been a failure. Why? Because we have created a society which preaches that if you are not the best, then you are not worth much. No one really believes the old sports saying, “It’s not whether you win or lose, it’s how you play the game.” The other often-quoted saying is everyone’s real philosophy, “Winning isn’t everything; it’s the only thing.” We live in an environment that motivates through rivalry. And this is a tragedy. As E.R. Holman said, “The desire to win must be wedded to an ideal, an ethical way of life. It must never become so strong that it dwarfs every other aspect of the game of life.” Even our schools have student-comparison charts on the bulletin board to determine who knows the material best. The focus has shifted from “who knows things well” to “who knows things best.” If all I have to do to be successful is to beat you, it’s a whole lot easier to cause you to do worse than me, rather than to get myself to do better than you. The result students will not push themselves to truly reach their personal maximum if all they have to do to flourish is defeat someone else. And what happens to the weaker students who know that they cannot actually win the competition? What is their drive to do their best? Does it really make sense to reward the brightest students more for easily winning than the slower ones who are doing their best? It is true that “The envy of scholars increases wisdom”, but this does not mean we should compete with someone else. We are supposed to observe the accomplishments of those around us, learning from them in motivating ourselves to excel as best as we can. We don’t rival others; we learn from their example. Yes, we should be competitive, but only with ourselves. If I ran the track in 10 minutes last week, let me try to run it in 9 minutes today. Winning does not have to mean defeating someone else. It can be accomplished by struggling against ourselves, trying to improve upon our personal past performance. We don’t have to be Number One. We can be Number Two or even Seventy-three, as long as we are striving to attain personal greatness. May God grant us life and prosperity in both the spiritual and physical realms and may He guide us to become all that we can be.

正确答案： There Is Nothing Wrong with Not Being Number One Human beings like number ones: we can remember the names of the fastest swimmer or runner in the world, but who remember the name of the second fastest? Being number one means supremacy, glory even epoch-making, but there is nothing wrong with not being number one. Being number two can be just as proud-worthy as winning the first place. In the article the author holds that only focusing on being

number one is not good for one’s character as people might neglect the process of the game. We should see others’ accomplishments and strive to better ourselves in the game of life instead of racking our brain to beat others. There is only one number one in the game but there are numerous players who have trained hard for it. They deserve the same respect. I agree with the perspective of the article as I believe in the power of ordinary people, the non-number-ones. Firstly, we need to acknowledge the work and effort of everyone. This is especially true with team work in a competition as well as in a corporation. Number one is an inspiration but the joint effort of all people is the fundamental reason that goals are achieved. It doesn’t make sense that number one takes all the credit. Secondly, life is not necessarily all about competition; it can also be about progress and process. Focusing on self-improvement can be just meaningful as this can make life much happier than chasing being number one. While they struggle against themselves and try to improve upon their personal past performance, people may find that the real success might not be winning over others and taking the first place but break their own limitation and reach more possibilities they have never imagined. In short, I believe there is nothing wrong with not being number one.

解析： 材料围绕“第二名的意义”展开论述，文章可分为三个部分。 第一段开篇点题，摆出“争做第一”不利于健康人格的形成(not so healthy for one’s character)的观点。 第二、三段分别以运动场和学校的现象为例，说明人们追求第一的倾向。运动员们往往被看做是非胜即败，因为这个社会的信条是如果你不一战成名，就一文不值(not the best．．．not worth much)；学校所关注的也从成绩良好的学生变成成绩最好的学生(knows things well to…knows things best)。 第四、五段分析了这一现象潜在的后果。由于成功的定义就是打败别人(be successful is to beat you)，而且使别人失败比提升自我来得容易，于是学生们只会想着打败别人(defeat someone else)。同时，对于那些基础太差、无望夺冠的学生而言。则会丧失努力的动力。 最后三段给出了面对竞争的正确态度：我们要有竞争意识，但对象是和自己竞争(only with ourselves)。向身边的强者学习，从而不断提升自我，比过去做得更好(improve upon our personal past performance)。 开篇：联系“胜者为王”的社会现实引出作文话题，并概述自己的观点——不是第一也无妨。 主体：首先，总结文中给出的观点；其次，表明自己的立场——赞同文中的观点，并陈述具体理由——我们应该承认每个人所付出的努力，团体比赛和团队合作中尤须如此；生命不止是关于竞争，也可以是关于进步和过程。专注于自我提升同样有意义。 结尾：重申观点，总结全文。 知识模块：作文